test 6 Obstructive Lung Disease Flashcards
Pharmacological Treatment of Obstructive Lung Diseases
- Bronchodilators
* β2 agonists
* Anticholinergics - Anti-Inflammatory
* Inhaled Corticosteroids
* Leukotriene modifiers
β2 Agonists
- Provide significant bronchodilation
- Used for asthma & COPD
- Adverse effects minimized with inhaled delivery
- May cause β2 mediated skeletal muscle tremors
Short acting β2 Agonists
- Short acting: quick relief (5 min-4/6 hours)
* All patients with asthma should be prescribed a SABA (short acting beta 2 agonist) inhaler
Long acting β2 Agonists
- Long acting: long term control (12 hours)
* Should be used in combination with corticosteroids
β2 Agonists Adverse effects (minimized with inhaled delivery)
- Tachycardia
- Hyperglycemia
- Hypokalemia
- Hypomagnesemia
- Skeletal muscle tremors
Anticholinergics
• Used for COPD
- asthma is not really this way so not used for asthma
• Block vagally mediated contraction of the airway smooth muscle and mucus secretion
• Onset slower than SABA (so not used for an acute event)
- lungs have muscurinic receptors and anticholonergics block the contraction airways smooth muscle
Allergic Rhinitis
- Inflammation of nasal mucous membranes
* Sneezing
* Itchy nose & eyes
* Watery rhinorrhea
* Nasal congestion
* Nonproductive cough
Inhaled Corticosteroids
- Used for asthma, COPD, & allergic rhinitis
- D.O.C. for persistent asthma
- Direct anti-inflammatory effect in the airways
* Decrease eosinophils, macrophages, & T lymphocytes
* Reverse mucosal edema
* Decrease capillary permeability
* Inhibit release of leukotrienes
How do Inhaled Corticosteroids work
- preventing the arachidonic acid goes on to produce Leukotienes
Combination: Long Acting β2 Agonist & Corticosteroid
• Used for asthma & COPD
Leukotriene Modifiers
- Used for asthma & allergic rhinitis
- Oral
- Block the action or formation of leukotrienes
- Prevention of exercise induced bronchospasm
Leukotrienes cause
- Bronchoconstriction
- Mucus secretion
- Edema
