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Kines 233 > Test 3.8 > Flashcards

Test 3.8 Flashcards

1
Q

How long can the brain survive without perfusion

A

4-6 mintues

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2
Q

Decreased blood volume resulting in poor oxygen transport

Vascular system loses cavity to maintain fluid portion of blood due to vessel dilation, and disruption of osmotic balance

A

Hypovolemic

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3
Q

Lungs unable to supply enough oxygen to circulating blood

May be the result of pneumothorax

A

Respiratory

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4
Q

Caused by general vessel dilation which does not allow typical 6 liters of blood to fill system

Decreased oxygen transport

A

Neurogenic

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5
Q

Explain cardiogenic

A

Inability of heart to pump enough blood

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6
Q

Explain psychogenic

A

Syncope or fainting caused by temporary dilation of vessels reducing blood flow to the brain

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7
Q

Explain septic

A

Result of bacterial infection where toxins cause smaller vessels to dilate

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8
Q

Explain metabolic

A

Occurs when illness goes untreated (diabetes) or when extensive fluid loss occurs

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9
Q

Result of serve allergic reaction

A

Anaphylactic

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10
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of shock

A

Moist, pale, cold, clammy skin
Weak rapid pulse, decreased BP
Urinary retention and fecal incontinence
Thirsty

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11
Q

What conditions can predispose a person into shock

A

Extreme fatigue, dehydration, exposure to heat or cold and illness

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12
Q

What is the management for shock

A 
Maintain core body temp
Elevate feet 8-12" above heart
Calm and reassure patient 
Control the scene
DO NOT GIVE ANYTHING BY MOUTH
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13
Q

Define asthma

A

A chronic inflammatory disease affecting millions of individuals throughout the US and world

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14
Q

What are the two physiologic component of asthma

A
  • Inflammation- may lead to hyperresponsive and narrowing in response to a tigger
  • Bronchoconstriction- constriction of the airway
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15
Q

With asthma what happens if airway obstruction is not corrected

A

Airway failure can occur

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16
Q

Allergen-induced Bronchoconstriction results from what

A

From release of mast cell mediators causing smooth muscle contraction

17
Q

Airway restriction occurs in asthma patients due to?

A

Edematous swelling of airway wall (with or without muscle spams)

18
Q

What is near-fatal asthma

A

Asthma symptoms that case severe breathing difficulties that do not result in death

19
Q

What is sudden-onset asthma exacerbations

A

Exacerbations that cause near-fatal asthma or fatal asthma that severely obstruct the airway within 1.5 to 3 hours from the first sign of symptoms

20
Q

How many people are affected by asthma

A

300 million individuals ranging from 1-18% of the population in different countries

21
Q

True or false

Asthma is a leading cause if atraumatic sudden death in athletes after all other cardiac causes of sudden death

A

True

22
Q

When do the most asthma deaths occur

A

Early fall, followed by the summer and spring

23
Q

How many kids died from asthma in 1990-2003

A

42%

24
Q

The causes of fatal asthma have been linked to?

A

Airway restriction

25
Q

In postmortem studies what has been found with asthma related deaths

A

Damage to bronchial epithelial, blockage of airway lumen with mucus, hypertrophy and hyperplasia of airway

26
Q

50% of asthma deaths were attributed to individuals with a history of

A

Severe asthma

27
Q

What are the intrinsic risk factors with asthma

A

Family history
Ethnicity
Athleticism
Past history of severe exacerbations, poor asthma control

28
Q

What are the extrinsic factors with asthma

A

Environmental factors
Asthma medications
Illicit drug use

29
Q

What are the symptoms of severe asthma

A 
Difficulty speaking
Chest pain
Wheezing
Shortness of breath
Use of accessory muscles for breathing  
Sweating 
Drowsy or LOC
30
Q

What does the physical exam include for asthma

A

Auscultation of the lungs
Athlete may present mental changes due to hypoxia
Vital signs will present hypotension and bradycardia

31
Q

What is the respiratory rate usually for asthma

A

Greater than 30 breaths per mintues and heart rate greater than 120 beats per mintue

32
Q

What is PEFR

A

Peak expiratory flow rate

33
Q

Explain PEFR

A

The maximal rate that a person can exhale during a short maximal expiratory effort after a full inspiration

34
Q

What is a spirometry

A

A pulmonary function test that measures the volume of air as a function of time

35
Q

What are the indications for referral to ER

A

Decline in respiratory status

  • peak flow less than 60%
  • if a person is unresponsive to bronchodilator therapy
  • rapid decline in lung function
  • suprasternal retraction
  • cyanosis
  • not able to speak in sentences
36
Q

What is the precent of cases resulting in asthma deaths due to delay of treatment medication

A

31%

37
Q

Occurs when there is inadequate perfusion

-can be life threatening

A

Shock

Kines 233 (20 decks)

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