Test 3.8 Flashcards
How long can the brain survive without perfusion
4-6 mintues
Decreased blood volume resulting in poor oxygen transport
Vascular system loses cavity to maintain fluid portion of blood due to vessel dilation, and disruption of osmotic balance
Hypovolemic
Lungs unable to supply enough oxygen to circulating blood
May be the result of pneumothorax
Respiratory
Caused by general vessel dilation which does not allow typical 6 liters of blood to fill system
Decreased oxygen transport
Neurogenic
Explain cardiogenic
Inability of heart to pump enough blood
Explain psychogenic
Syncope or fainting caused by temporary dilation of vessels reducing blood flow to the brain
Explain septic
Result of bacterial infection where toxins cause smaller vessels to dilate
Explain metabolic
Occurs when illness goes untreated (diabetes) or when extensive fluid loss occurs
Result of serve allergic reaction
Anaphylactic
What are the signs and symptoms of shock
Moist, pale, cold, clammy skin
Weak rapid pulse, decreased BP
Urinary retention and fecal incontinence
Thirsty
What conditions can predispose a person into shock
Extreme fatigue, dehydration, exposure to heat or cold and illness
What is the management for shock
Maintain core body temp Elevate feet 8-12" above heart Calm and reassure patient Control the scene DO NOT GIVE ANYTHING BY MOUTH
Define asthma
A chronic inflammatory disease affecting millions of individuals throughout the US and world
What are the two physiologic component of asthma
- Inflammation- may lead to hyperresponsive and narrowing in response to a tigger
- Bronchoconstriction- constriction of the airway
With asthma what happens if airway obstruction is not corrected
Airway failure can occur
Allergen-induced Bronchoconstriction results from what
From release of mast cell mediators causing smooth muscle contraction
Airway restriction occurs in asthma patients due to?
Edematous swelling of airway wall (with or without muscle spams)
What is near-fatal asthma
Asthma symptoms that case severe breathing difficulties that do not result in death
What is sudden-onset asthma exacerbations
Exacerbations that cause near-fatal asthma or fatal asthma that severely obstruct the airway within 1.5 to 3 hours from the first sign of symptoms
How many people are affected by asthma
300 million individuals ranging from 1-18% of the population in different countries
True or false
Asthma is a leading cause if atraumatic sudden death in athletes after all other cardiac causes of sudden death
True
When do the most asthma deaths occur
Early fall, followed by the summer and spring
How many kids died from asthma in 1990-2003
42%
The causes of fatal asthma have been linked to?
Airway restriction
In postmortem studies what has been found with asthma related deaths
Damage to bronchial epithelial, blockage of airway lumen with mucus, hypertrophy and hyperplasia of airway
50% of asthma deaths were attributed to individuals with a history of
Severe asthma
What are the intrinsic risk factors with asthma
Family history
Ethnicity
Athleticism
Past history of severe exacerbations, poor asthma control
What are the extrinsic factors with asthma
Environmental factors
Asthma medications
Illicit drug use
What are the symptoms of severe asthma
Difficulty speaking Chest pain Wheezing Shortness of breath Use of accessory muscles for breathing Sweating Drowsy or LOC
What does the physical exam include for asthma
Auscultation of the lungs
Athlete may present mental changes due to hypoxia
Vital signs will present hypotension and bradycardia
What is the respiratory rate usually for asthma
Greater than 30 breaths per mintues and heart rate greater than 120 beats per mintue
What is PEFR
Peak expiratory flow rate
Explain PEFR
The maximal rate that a person can exhale during a short maximal expiratory effort after a full inspiration
What is a spirometry
A pulmonary function test that measures the volume of air as a function of time
What are the indications for referral to ER
Decline in respiratory status
- peak flow less than 60%
- if a person is unresponsive to bronchodilator therapy
- rapid decline in lung function
- suprasternal retraction
- cyanosis
- not able to speak in sentences
What is the precent of cases resulting in asthma deaths due to delay of treatment medication
31%
Occurs when there is inadequate perfusion
-can be life threatening
Shock
