Test 3.5 Flashcards
What are the two types of abdominal injuries
Penetrating-easily detectable (time spent caring for)
Blunt trauma- time spent detecting
Why does the center punch automatic window breaker work better then your fist
Small surface area
High velocity
What are the two types of organs
Hollow and solid
What is a hollow organ
If injured can leak contents into abdominal cavity causing severe hemorrhage
What are solid organs
More commonly injured in sports
What does the Left upper portion of your abdominal contain
Stomach Spleen Splenic flexure of colon Tail of pancreas Left kidney
What does the upper right portion of the abdominal contain
Liver Gallbladder Hepatic flexure of colon Head of pancreas Right kidney
What does the bottom right portion of the abdominal contain
Cecum
Appendix
What does the bottom left portion of the abdominal contain
Sigmoid colon
Do organs continue to move when body stops ?
True
What do deceleration injuries often involve
Liver, spleen, kidney, abdominal viscera
What does physical exam for abdominal injuries include
Begin with ABCs assessment
BP, pulse, respiration rate
Abdominal examination
What’s Cullen’s sign
Ecchymosis in periumbilical area
What’s flanks called
Turners sign
True or false
Auscultation is done before percussion
True
What’s an abdominal wall contusion
Contusion in region of epigastrium may result in transient dypsnea
How should abdominal wall contusion be treated
Rest
Athlete can return when symptoms stop
What happens in cases when symptoms of abdominal wall contusion subside and return
Athlete may have undiagnosed hollow organ injury/injury to solid organ
What do splenic injuries consist of
Caused by direct trauma to left lower chest/ upper left quadrant
If pain is referred to left shoulder what injuries could be possible
Splenic injury
What is pain to the left shoulder called
Kehrs sign
What is ballone sign and what injury is it associated with
dullness in left flank and shifting position dullness in right flank
What’s needed with post splenectomy/ repair
Most MDs recommend 3 months for abdominal to heal
Also recommend 6 months before return to sports
What do liver injuries consist of
Uncommon in sports
Chief complaint is pain in upper right quadrant
CT scan is best modality for determining extent of injury
What’s the MOI for liver injuries
Direct blow to the upper right quadrant
Deceleration type of injury, which disrupts the capsule
What do renal injuries consist of
One of the most common
Most cases are mild, 10% of cases include nephrectomy
Pain in flank
Hematuria is most frequent finding
What is needed to distinguish between sport-related and abdominal injuries related to hematuria
Repeated urine analysis
What do intestinal injuries include
Rarely reported
Injuries to duodenum usually associated with direct blow to epigastric region or in conjunction with pancreas injury
Jejunal injuries are also rare
What do pancreatic injures include
Rare and difficult to diagnose
Gradual onset
At should approach with high degree of suspicion until injury is benign
What are non-traumatic abdominal injuries
Gastrointestinal symptoms
Marathon pancreatitis
What does GI symptoms include
Cramping and blotting
Watery stools, bloody stools
Result of changes in mileage/intensity
What does marathon pancreatitis include
Rare; comes on during event
More common in females and young runners
What does postulated cause during marathon pancreatitis
Dehydration and ischemia
What’s the most important point with abdominal injuries
To identify is if a life threatening injury exists
What is appendicitis
Management based on clinical rather than lab findings
Be mindful of long travel
What is ectopic pregnancy
Implantation of fertilized ovum outside of endometrial cavity
Result in massive hemorrhage, ruptured Fallopian tube, death
What are factors with ectopic pregnancy
Cigarette smoking
Increasing age
What is the presentation and evaluation of suspected ectopic pregnancy
Presentation: pelvic pain
Evaluation: vital signs
Will require pelvic exam by qualified clinician
Age of pregnancy is also considered along with various hormone levels
