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Kines 233 > Test 3.7 > Flashcards

Test 3.7 Flashcards

1
Q

What is diabetes mellitus

A

Group of metabolic disorder resulting from defects insulin secretion, action or both

  • absolute insufficiency
  • impaired insulin secretion and peripheral insulin resistance
  • secondary to metabolic disease/disorder
  • gestational diabetes
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2
Q

What are the two types of diabetes mellitus

A

Type 1- insulin deficiency

Type 2- peripheral insulin resistance

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3
Q

Explain type 2 diabetes

A

Thought as a gradual process

May have to manage hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia, dehydration and electrolyte

Patient needs to be supervised

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4
Q

Older athletes with diabetes are at risk for what?

A

Cardiac disease
Foot fractures
Ocular complications

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5
Q

What is the main risk with diabetes and exercise

A

Hypoglycemia

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6
Q

What results from poor management/dosing with diabetes mellitus

A

Hyperglycemia
Diabetic ketoacidosis (type 1)
Osmotic diuresis

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7
Q

When does insulin shock occur

A

When the body has too much insulin and too little blood sugar

Hypoglycemia (below 70mg/dL)

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8
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of insulin shock

A 
Tingling in mouth/hands
Weakness
Headache
Abdominal pain
Normal or shallow breaths
Rapid pulse
Tremor
Drowsiness
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9
Q

What does diabetic coma consist of

A

Hyperglycemia (above 180mg/dL)

Ketoacidosis

  • severe insulin deficiency
  • medical emergency
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10
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of diabetic coma

A 
Fruity odor
Rapid breathing
Dehydration 
Loss of appetite
Increased thirst 
Slowing of visual reaction time
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11
Q

What are the causes of sudden death and what has to occur for it to be classified as sudden death

A 
Caradic conditions
Pulmonary problems
Hyperthermia
Drug abuse
Blunt trauma
Sarcoidosis
Exercise induced anaphylaxis

Death has to occur within 24 hrs

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12
Q

What is the treatment for ketoacidosis that occur with diabetes mellitus

A 
Fluid and electrolyte therapy
Insulin therapy
Monitoring urine
BP
Mental status
Have snacks available
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13
Q

Hyperglycemia can lead to

A

Hyperosmolar state which is often higher mortality rate

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14
Q

What is mononucleosis

A

Epstein-Barr virus = infectious agent in mononucleosis

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15
Q

Where is mononucleosis commonly seen

A

In adolescents and young adults

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16
Q

Name the illness

Characterized by prolonged incubation with a wide variety of clinical manifestation

A

Mononucleosis

17
Q

What are the sign & symptoms of mononucleosis

A

Sore throat, fever, headache, lymphadenopathy, malaise, lymphoytosis

Be mindful of spleen health

18
Q

What does sickle cell trait include

A

1 gene for normal Hb
1 gene for sickle Hb
Causes no amenia but few clinical problems

19
Q

What are two things that sickle cell trait causes

A

Splenic infraction

Acute extertional rhabdomyolysis

Both are life threatening

20
Q

What is splenic infarction

A

Pain in upper left quadrant

Nausea and vomitting

21
Q

What does acute Exertional rhabdomyolysis include

A

Sickle cells can “logjam” blood vessels and lead to the rapid breakdown of muscles starved of blood

22
Q

What is the treatment for an athlete with sickle cell trait

A

Stop activity upon struggling

Stay hydrated

Allow athlete to set their own pace

23
Q

What should you do in an event of a collapse with a sickle cell trait athlete

A

Check vitals
Administer O2
Cool if neccessary
Transport

24
Q

What is the systolic and diastolic BP for pre-hypertension

A

120-139 sys

80-89 dia

25
Q

What is the systolic and diastolic BP for stage 1 hypertension

A

140-159 sys

90-99 dia

26
Q

What is the systolic and diastolic BP for stage 2 hypertension

A

> 160 sys

> 100 dia

27
Q

What does HTN stand for

A

Hypertension

28
Q

What is critical for prevention of hypertension

A

Lifestyle modifications

29
Q

What is hypertensive emergency include

A

HTN with acute impairment of the central nervous system, cardiovascular system or renal system

30
Q

What does hypertensive urgency include

A

Severe elevation of BP without evidence of progressive target organ dysfunction

31
Q

What does TOD stand for

A

Target organ dysfunction

32
Q

What are some common traits with hypertensive urgency

A

More common in African American
More prevalent in males vs. females
More common with advancing age

33
Q

Death rates from both ischemic heart disease and stroke increase progressively as

A

BP increases

34
Q

When does mortality rate from heart disease and stroke doubles

A

For every 20 mmHg systolic increase or 10 mmHg increases in diastolic BP

35
Q

What is the acute treatment for hypertensive urgency

A

Emergency department care

  • consider TOD
  • work to lower BP

Follow-Up

36
Q

What are the specific symptoms for hypertensive urgency

A

Chest pain (MI)
Back pain (aortic dissection)
Dyspnea(heart failure/pulmonary edema)
Neurological symptoms

37
Q

What are the differential diagnosis for hypertensive urgency

A 
Renal disease 
Cardiac disease
Systemic disorders
Endocrine disorders
Drug interactions

Kines 233 (20 decks)

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