Test 3.6 Flashcards
What’s hyper-resosnant sound
Excessive air accumulation; indicative of pneumothorax
What’s a dull sound
Excessive fluid; may be indicated if hemothorax
What does the pale, ashen skin, or cyanotic skin mean
Respiratory collapse
What does red, dark-red, or blue head and neck mean
Traumatic asphyxia
What’s the management for thoracic injury
High flow of supplement oxygen
What does a fracture of thoracic include
Significant force is require
Crepitus at site
Compression of rib cage
Prevents athlete to take full breath
Does a single rib fracture with no internal injury require a emergency?
No
What is a sternum fracture
Require a significant force
Severe dyspnea, point tenderness
Sternal deformity requires emergency
Can be life threatening
What is Sternoclavicular dislocation
Posterior Dislocation can cause respiratory distress as clavicle places pressure on trachea
Be concerned with C-spine injury
What’s the treatment for Sternoclavicular dislocation
Treat with air many revers and oxygen
If no improvement attempt reduction
Draw clavicle anterior and laterally
What does a flail chest consist of
Fractures of 2 or more adjacent ribs
Result in paradoxical chest movement during breathing
Must be concern with pneumothorax
What’s the management with a flail chest
Athlete can be placed on side of injury cause body weight serves to support and splint chest wall
What’s the treatment for pneumothorax
Transport to ER
hug a pillow
Avoid coughing
Monitor vital signs
What does a open pneumothorax consist of
Opening in chest wall allowing air to enter pleural space
Tx: create one-way valve which is sealed on 3 sides allowing air to leave during exhalation
What is tension pneumothorax
Expands to point of compressing heart
Life threatening condition
Build up pressure causes mediastinum and trachea to be pushed away from affected side
During tension pneumothorax what happens when pressure is on superior vena cava
Causes jugular vein distention
What causes decreases CO, drop in BP and declining mental status during tension pneumothorax
Pressure on aorta and heart
What is the cause of hemothorax
Blood entering pleural cavity
Pleural cavity can hold 2-3L of blood
Shock will quickly develop
What’s the treatment for hemothorax
Oxygen and respiratory support
IV fluid resuscitation
Endotracheal intubation
Transport to ER
What is pulmonary embolism
Blood clot that enters venous system and becomes lodged in lungs
If not treat will cause tissue death
How much blood do fault have
6L or 12.6 pts
What is Class 1 blood loss
Up to 15% blood loss ( 1-2 pts
Effects on patient; remains alert & vitals remain WNL
What’s Class 2 blood loss and what are the effects
Up to 30% blood loss (3-4 pts)
Effects on patient :confusion, restlessness, skin pale, weak and rapid BP
What does Class 3 blood loss and what are the effects
Up to 40% loss and (5 pts)
Effects: more confused, restless and signs of shock
What is Class 4 blood loss and what are the effects
More than 40% loss and (5+ pts)
Effects: patient lethargic, drowsy, death
What does arterial blood look like
Bright red, spurting, pulsating flow
What does venous blood look like
Darker blood, steady and slow flow
What does capillary blood look like
Dark red, oozing flow
Easy to control
High skin infection due to break in skin
What are the methods to control bleeding
Direct pressure
Elevation and cold application
Pressure point/indirect pressure
Tourniquet
What does cold application promote?
Vasoconstriction
What are the common pressure points
Brachial artery
Femoral artery
Popliteal artery
Avoid pressure points if possible
What does internal bleeding cause and when should you suspect it
Causes hypoperfusion (shock) and death
Suspect with cases of unexplained shock
What may hypo perfusion lead to
Organ failure and to death
Theses organs are: heart, lungs, brain, kidney
What’s the assessment for thoracic injuries
Ask about onset of symptoms
Note demeanor, anxiety levels, abilitiyu to speak
Mental status and relationship to hypoxia
Check vital signs
Check auscultation
