Test 3.1 Flashcards
What is SCI
A condition with structural distortion of the cervical spine column which is associated with actual or potential damage to the spinal cord
What’s direct cervical spine injuries
Result from participation in skills of sports
What’s indirect cervical spine injury
Result from systemic failure secondary to exertion while participating in a sport
What are the subdivision of cervical spine injuries and define them
Fatal
Nonfatal- injury causes permanent neurologic damage
Serious- severe injury but no permanent damage
How many SCI cases are estimated each year and what’s the most popular cases
12,000 new cases each year and 42% are vehicle crashes
Sport participation is _____ most common cause of spinal injury
4th rounding at 8%
For those under 30 years old it is the ____ most common cause after motor vehicle crashes
2nd
Appropriately how many SCI cases occur in males
80%
What happened in 1976 in the nfl
Rule changes to prevent head first contact
Cervical spine consist of how many cervical vertebrae and vertebral discs
7
Vertebrae encases and protects?
Spinal cord
Nerves roots pass through ______ providing sensory and motor function to the upper extremities
Intervertebral spaces
What are the different types of MOI
Axial loading
Hyperflexion/hyperextension
Rotational loading
Excessive lateral flexion
What does axal loading consist of
When the head and neck are flexed between 20 and 30 degrees and the head serves as the point of contact
Most common MOI for SCI
What does rotational loading consists of
Causes distribution of ligaments, subluxation, dislocation, or fractures
Soft tissue damage in spinal cord can result in
Instability
Primary injuries to spinal cord result in?
Result from direct trauma with immediate effects
What are examples of primary spinal injuries
Neuropraxia, cord transection, spinal cord concussion
What’s secondary spinal cord injury result from
Occurs after swelling and ischemia have developed
What’s example of secondary spinal cord injuries
Contusion, compression, spinal cord hemorrhage
What’s spinal shock
Temporary condition, paralyzingly body due to body’s response to injury
What’s the most common spinal shock
Hypotension due to vasodilation
What’s transection
Complete or partial severing of spinal cord
Injury below T1 will result in?
Incontinence and paraplegia
Injury in the cervical region will result in?
Quadriplegia
What are the two spinal injuries called
Spinal shock
Transection
What are the different types of partial transection
Anterior cord syndrome
Central cord syndrome
Brown-sequard syndrome
What’s anterior cord syndrome
Disruption of arterial blood supply
Loss of pain sensation, motor function,light touch and temp control distal to injury
What’s central cord syndrome
Common in hyperextension and associated with arthritis
Decrease motor weakness and possible loss of bladder function
Whats brown-sequard syndrome
Result of penetrating injury, severing one side of spinal cord
Loss of sensory and motor function on affected side; loss of pain and temp on opposite side
What’s the best potential for recovery
Anterior cord syndrome
Central cord syndrome
Brown-sequard syndrome
Central cord syndrome
What’s neurogenic shock
Brain loses ability to maintain control over rest of body due to cord damage
What’s compromised with neurogenic shock
sympathetic nervous system and vascular system
What’s the S&S of neurogenic shock
Bradycardia
Hypotension
Warm,dry, flushed skin below injury
Priapism in males
If you don’t know the MOI what should you assume
Cord injury
Should you alarm athlete if sensation is not present
Do not let athlete know
What are the movement Methods called
Log roll method
Straddle slide method
Helmets and shoulder pads should remain in place together or be removed together (all or none)
True or false
True
How many removal device tools should you have
2
How does hypovolemia occur
Large scale vasodilation causes pooling of blood throughout body
What’s the result of hypovolemia
Decrease sympathetic response does not allow for elevated heart rate to compensate for volume loss resulting in shock
What are the two steroids that should be administered within the first 8 hrs post injury
Dexamethasone and methylprednisolone
What can steroid do for injuries
Can limit secondary inflammation and reduce damage that could occur as a result of swelling
What does SCI stand for
Spinal cord injury
