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HFF > **Test 3** - Neck > Flashcards

**Test 3** - Neck Flashcards

1
Q

What is the first fascial layer deep to the skin in the neck?

A

Superficial cervical fascia

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2
Q

What muscle is impregnated in the superficial cervical fascia?

A

Platysma m.

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3
Q

What is just deep to the superficial cervical fascia?

A

Investing fascia.

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4
Q

What muscles are in the investing fascia and what innervates them?

A

Trapezius and SCM

Spinal accessory nerve innervates all three

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5
Q

What is just deep to the investing fascia?

A

Pretracheal fascia

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6
Q

What are the 3 subdivisions of the pretracheal fascia?

A

Muscular - Anterior most
Visceral - Ant to the trachea and esophagus
Buccopharyngeal - Post to esophagus and trachea

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7
Q

What muscle is the muscular fascia?

A

Infrahyoid m.

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8
Q

What gland is in the visceral fascia?

A

Thyroid gland

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9
Q

What fascia surrounds the vertebral column and associated muscles?

A

Prevertebral fascia

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10
Q

What mm. are in the prevertebral fascia?

A 
Deep cervical mm.
Levator scapulae m
Ant scalene m
Middle scalene m
Post scalene m
Longus coli m
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11
Q

What fascia is between the buccopharyngeal fascia and the prevertebral fascia?

A

Alar fascia

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12
Q

What is embedded in the alar space?

A

Sympathetic trunk

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13
Q

What is significant about the alar space?

A

If an oral infection breaks thru into this space, then it can travel unimpeded down to the mediastinum

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14
Q

What is housed in the carotid sheath?

A

IJV
Carotid a.
Vagus n.

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15
Q

Cervical plexus - look at your drawing on OneNote.

A

Do it. You need to know this.

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16
Q

What artery serves the neck and face?

A

ECA

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17
Q

What a serves the brain?

A

ICA

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18
Q

What vessels drain the head and neck?

A

IJV

EJV

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19
Q

What is the carotid sinus?

A

A bulge in the internal carotid a that contains baroreceptors and a carotid body that has chemoreceptors

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20
Q

How do you tell the ECA from the ICA?

A

The ECA branches extensively. If it goes straight to the brain, it is ICA.

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21
Q

What are the a branches off the ECA?

A 
Sup thyroid a.
Asc. Pharyngeal a.
Lingual a.
Facial a.
Occipital a.
Post. Auricular a.
Maxillary a.
Superficial temporal a.
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22
Q

What does the superior thyroid artery serve?

A 
Ant strap muscles
Thyroid cartilage
Larynx
Thyroid gland
SCM
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23
Q

What does the ascending pharyngeal artery serve?

A

Pharyngeal mm.
Inner tympanic region
Post meningeal a.

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24
Q

What does the lingual artery serve?

A

Oral cavity and floor
Tongue
Epiglottis
Sublingual glands

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25
Q

What does the facial artery serve?

A 
Superficial face and muscles
Angular and dorsal nasal
Infraorbital
Sup and inf labial
Inf alveolar
Submental
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26
Q

What does the occipital artery serve?

A

Suboccipital muscles
Dorsal muscles
Skin and scalp (dorsum)

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27
Q

What does the posterior auricular artery serve?

A

Most inner/middle ear

Posterolateral scalp

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28
Q

What does the maxillary artery serve?

A

Deep facial structures (teeth, nasal cavity, TMJ, auditory canal, palate, pharynx, middle meningeal artery, muscles of mastication)

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29
Q

What does the superficial temporal artery serve?

A

Temporal and zygomatic region, muscles and bone

30
Q

Which veins drain into the IJV?

A

Common facial vein (Facial vein + anterior division retromandibular vein)
Maxillary vein meets with superficial temporal vein to form the retromandibular vein

*Big picture: IJV drains brain and face

31
Q

The IJV joins the ______________ vein to form the ______________ vein.

A

Subclavian

Brachiocephalic

32
Q

What drains into the EJV?

A

The pterygoid plexus joins with maxillary vein and feeds into the superficial temporal vein. Superficial temp vein meets with the posterior auricular vein to form the EJV.

*Big picture: EJV drains just the face

33
Q

Where does the EJV drain into?

A

The subclavian, just lateral to the IJV.

34
Q

What anastomosis allows blood to flow into EJV or IJV?

A

Retromandibular vein branches and goes to both the EJV and IJV.

*Also, the pterygoid plexus allows blood to drain into the cavernous sinus

35
Q

What innervates SCM m.?

A

Spinal accessory n.

36
Q

Tell me what you know about SCM m.

A

Clavicular and eternal heads

Turn head to opposite direction, also does head forward if contracted bilaterally.

37
Q

What do the suprahyoid mm. do?

A

Elevate and move hyoid bone forward - this aids in swallowing

It also depresses and opens the mandible and plays roles in vocalization

38
Q

The digastric m. has two bellies. Name them.

A

Anterior belly

Posterior belly

39
Q

The anterior belly of the digastric muscle is found where and what is it innervated by?

A

Digastric fossa of mandible to intermediate tendon of hyoid bone. CNV-3 (Mandibular n.)

40
Q

The posterior belly of the digastric muscle is found where and what innervates it?

A

Intermediate tendon to digastric notch (mastoid notch) of temporal bone. CNVII (Facial)

41
Q

Where is the stylohyoid muscle and what innervates it?

A

Styloid process to greater horn of hyoid bone. CN VII (Facial)

42
Q

Where is the mylohyoid muscle and what innervates it?

A

Mylohyoid line of mandible to body of hyoid bone - this elevates base of tongue and floor of mouth. (CN V-3 - Mandibular)

43
Q

What do the infrahyoids do?

A

Depress the hyoid bone and larynx, and when working with suprahyoid muscles, they can depress the mandible.

Also act in vocalization and swallowing

44
Q

Name the infrahyoid mm. 4 of them.

A

Superficial: Sternohyoidm., omohyoid (sup and inf heads)

Deep: Thyrohyoid m., sternothyroid m.

45
Q

What innervates the infrahyoid mm.?

A

Ansa cervicalis

46
Q

The longus coli and longus capitus do what?

A

Flex the neck

47
Q

Where can you find the anterior and middle scalenes?

A

T-verse processes of C3-C7 to 1st rib.

48
Q

Where can you find posterior scalenes?

A

T-verse processes C3-C7 to 2nd rib.

49
Q

What innervates the scalenes?

A

Ventral rami

50
Q

What separates the anterior and middle scalenes?

A

The brachial plexus

51
Q

What do the scalenes do?

A

Flex neck, aid in respiration

52
Q

What is the mnemonic for remembering the branches off of the ECA?

A 
Some - S - Sup thyroid
Anatomists - D - Ascending pharyngeal
Like - D - Lingual
Freaking - S - Facial
Out - D - Occipital
Poor - S - Posterior auricular
Med - D - Maxillary
Students - S - Superficial temporal
53
Q

OOOTTAFVGVAH
SSMMBMBSBBMM
Where do the cranial nerves exit?
Crib, optic, SOF, SOF, SOF/rotundum/ovale, SOF, IAM, IAM, JUG, JUG, JUG, Hypo

A 
Olfactory - cribiform plate
Optic - optic foramen
Oculomotor - SOF
Trochlear - SOF
Trigeminal: opthalamic - SOF, maxillary - rotundum, mandibular - ovale 
Abducens - SOF
Facial - IAM
Vestibulocochlear - IAM
Glossopharyngeal - JUG
Vagus - JUG
Accessory - JUG
Hypoglossal - Hypoglossal canal
54
Q

The posterior triangle is bordered by what?

A

Cutaneous nerves of cervical plexus and EJV

55
Q

The roof of the posterior triangle is what?

A

Investing fascia

56
Q

The floor of the posterior triangle is what?

A

Prevertebral fascia

57
Q

What is in the posterior triangle?

A 
Ant scalene m.
Brachial plexus
Mid scalene m.
Post scalene m.
Splenius capitis m.
Lev. Scap. M.
Transverse cervical a.
Suprascapular a.
58
Q

The anterior triangles has how many triangles in it?

A 
4
Muscular
Submental
Submandibular
Carotid
59
Q

The muscular triangle contains what?

A

Sup belly of omohyoid m.
Midline
SCM

60
Q

The submental triangle has what in it?

A

Ant digastric

Hyoid bone

61
Q

The submandibular triangle has what in it?

A 
Ant. Digastric
Post. Digastric
Mandible
Submandibular gland
Submandibular lymp nodes
Lingual and facial aa.
Hypoglossal nerve CNXII
62
Q

What is in the carotid triangle?

A

Sup omohyoid
Post digastric
SCM
Carotid sheath: Common, external, and internal carotid aa.
Int jug vein
CN X, XI, XII
Some cervical plexus (primarily the ansa)

63
Q

Tell me about the thyroid.

A

It is an endocrine gland.
R and L lobes connected by an isthmus

Plays roles in meta, Ca2+ regulation and talks to pit gland via hormones

64
Q

What vasculature serves the thyroid, and where do these descend from?

A

Sup and inf thyroid aa. And veins

Foramen cecum in the tongue

**There is also a middle thyroid v.

65
Q

What nerves serve the thyroid?

A

Sup laryngeal n.

Inf (recurrent) laryngeal n.

66
Q

Where are the parathyroid glands and where do they descend from?

A

They are embedded in the thyroid. 4 of them total.

Pharyngeal pouches.

Maintain phosphate levels.

67
Q

What does the thyrocervical trunk serve?

A

Inf thyroid
Ascending cervical
Transverse cervical
Suprascapular

68
Q

Where does thoracic duct empty into?

A

Subclavian before it meets with IJV

69
Q

The subclavian gives rise to the ___________, and the thyrocervical trunk on the other side.

A

Vertebral

70
Q

Regarding the thyrocervical trunk, what is the mnemonic for the branches coming off of it?

A

I - Inf thyroid a
am - Ascending cervical a (branch of inf thyroid)

The - Transverse cervical a

Superman - Suprascapular a

HFF (14 decks)

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