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HFF > Test 2 - Hutch - GI > Flashcards

Test 2 - Hutch - GI Flashcards

1
Q

Name the diff layers of pericardium

A

Serous visceral
Serous parietal
Fibrous parietal

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2
Q

What is the greater omentum like?

A

ZZ Top’s beard. Just covers everything

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3
Q

Where is lesser omentum found?

A

It connects liver to stomach

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4
Q

The greater omentum separates what?

A

The greater and lesser sacs

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5
Q

What connects SI to body wall?

A

Mesentery

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6
Q

Which organs are intraperitoneal? What does intraperitoneal mean?

A 
Stomach
1st and 4th parts of duodenum
SI
Spleen
Liver
Gallbladder
Appendix
Transverse colon and sigmoid colon

The organ is covered in peritoneum, associated with mesentery

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7
Q

Which organs are primary retroperitoneal and what does retroperitoneal mean?

A

Kidneys
Suprarenal glands
Abdominal aorta
IVC

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8
Q

Which organs are secondary retroperitoneal and what does that mean?

A

2nd and 3rd parts of duodenum
Pancreas
Colon - ascending and descending
Rectum

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9
Q

Name the parts of the stomach that you need to know.

A 
Cardia - where esophagus comes in
Fundus - sup part
Body - with longitudinal rugal folds
Pylorus
     Pyloric antrum
     Pyloric canal
Lesser curvature
Greater curvature
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10
Q

Name the parts of the lesser omentum.

A

Hepatogastric ligament
Hepatoduodental ligament
Epiploic foramen - connects the greater and lesser sacs

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11
Q

Name the parts of the portal triad and what does it cover?

A

Bile duct
Portal vein
Proper hepatic a.

This triad covers the epiploic foramen

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12
Q

Name the parts of the duodenum and what does it do?

A

Superior
Descending
Minor duodenal papilla (maybe)
Ampulla of vater (major duodenal papilla)
Horizontal
Ascending
Releases bile (lipid digestion), bicarb (acid neut.), and pancreatic enzymes (digestion)

There are also circular folds and Brunner’s glands found in the duodenum

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13
Q

What comes after duodenum and what comes after what comes after duodenum? What are their differences?

A

DJI

Jejunum
Ileum

Jejunum - Large circular folds
Ileum - Peyer’s patches, small circular folds

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14
Q

Name as many parts of the colon as possible.

A 
Cecum
Appendix
Ascending
Right colic (hepatic) flexure
Transverse
Left colic (splenic) flexure
Descending
Sigmoid
Rectum
Other features
Ileocecal valve
Tenia coli (strip of muscle)
Haustra (segments)
Semilunar folds (inside the colon, helps to move poop)
Epiploic appendices/appendages
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15
Q

What is the function of the colon?

A

Water absorption

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16
Q

What does the liver do?

A

Produces bile (where is it stored?) - gallbladder
Produces: hormones and enzymes
Filtering of blood

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17
Q

Parts of the liver.

A

Right, left, caudate, quadrate lobes. Right GQ.
Round ligament (umbilical vein)
Falciform ligament
Sup surface has a bare area
Surrounding this: R, L, and coronary ligaments

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18
Q

Where is the gall bladder?

A

Tucked under right inferior lobe of liver

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19
Q

What are the parts of the gall bladder?

A

Body, fundus, cystic duct

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20
Q

Name the bile duct system.

A

Right and left hepatic ducts>Common hepatic duct>Common hepatic meets with cystic duct to form bile duct>bile duct meets pancreatic duct at ampulla>empties into major duodenal papilla in duodenum

The accessory pancreatic duct empties into minor duodenal papilla

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21
Q

What does the pancreas do?

A

Production of digestive enzymes and bicarbonate

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22
Q

What does the spleen do?

A

Removes blood cells and performs immune functions

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23
Q

Kidneys

What do they do and what are they covered in?

A

Filters blood and produces urine

Primary retroperitoneal

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24
Q

Adrenal glands

What do they do and what are they covered in?

A

Stress response, sex hormones, metabolism, immune system, etc.

Primary retroperitoneal

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25
Q

What are the major sites of digestion?

A

Stomach and duodenum

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26
Q

What are the major sites of absorption and absorption of what?

A

Jejunum and ileum - nutrients

Colon - H2O

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27
Q

The omentum is a bilateral of what?

A

Peritoneum

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28
Q

Where are the foregut, midgut, hindgut boundaries?

A

Foregut
Stomach, duodenum (parts 1&2)

Midgut
Duodenum (parts 3&4), jejunum, ileum, colon (ascending, first half of transverse)

Hindgut
Colon (second half of transverse, descending, sigmoid), rectum, anus

29
Q

Where is the aortic bifurcation?

A

L4/5

30
Q

Abdominal aorta is found where?

A

L1-L4/5

31
Q

Name the first trunk off the abdominal aorta that you need to know and what does it serve?

A

Celiac trunk - Foregut, liver, gall bladder, spleen

32
Q

What branches off celiac trunk?

A

To the left: splenic a.
To the left/middle: Left gastric a.
To the right: Common hepatic a.

33
Q

What branches off of splenic a.?

A

Left gastroomental a.

Pancreatic branches

34
Q

What branches off common hepatic a.?

A

Right gastric a. (Anastomoses with left gastric a.)

Gastroduodenal a.

35
Q

What branches off gastroduodenal a., and what does it ultimately become?

A

Duodenal branches
Ant/Post sup pancreaticoduodenal a.

Right gastroomental a. (Anastomoses with left gastroomental a.)

36
Q

What does common hepatic become after the branches?

A

Proper hepatic a.

37
Q

What branches off proper hepatic a.?

A

Right and left hepatic aa.

38
Q

What is the next branch off the abdominal aorta and what does it serve?

A

Sup. Mesenteric a. (SMA) - midgut, duodenum, transverse colon

39
Q

What are the branches off the SMA?

A

Inferior pancreaticoduodenal a., middle colic a., jejunum aa., ileal aa., ileocolic a., right colic a. (For the ascending colon)

40
Q

What is the next branch off the abdominal aorta and what does it serve?

A

Inferior mesenteric a. (IMA) - Hindgut, descending colon, rectum

41
Q

What branches off of IMA?

A

Marginal a. of Drummond
Left colic a.
Sigmoid a.
Sup rectal a.

42
Q

Where do the gonadal aa. come off of?

A

Abdominal aorta

43
Q

What are the two venous drainage systems of the GI tract?

A

Caval (systemic)
Portal

If it is not the GI tract, it is drained by the systemic system (IVC)

44
Q

How are the gonads drained?

A

Left gonadal drains into left renal v.

Right gonadal drains into IVC

45
Q

If an organ is primary retro, it is drained by what?

A

IVC

46
Q

If the organ is in the GI tract and not primary retro, it is drained by what?

A

Portal system

47
Q

What is the main vein on the right side of the GI tract?

What is the main vein on the left side of the GI tract?

A

Sup mesenteric v.

Inf mesenteric v.

48
Q

What drains into the sup mesenteric vein?

A 
Jejunal vv.
Ileal vv.
Appendicular v.
Ileocolic v.
Right colic v.
Middle colic v.
Inf pancreaticoduodenal v.
Right gastroomental v.
49
Q

What drains into inf mesenteric v.?

A

Sup rectal v.
Sigmoid vv.
Left colic v.

50
Q

The sup mesenteric vein meet with what to form what?

A

Inf mesenteric v.>portal v.

51
Q

The inf mesenteric v. Jjoins with what to be called inf mesenteric yet again?

A

Splenic v.

52
Q

What drains into the splenic v.?

A

Pancreatic vv.

Short gastric vv.

53
Q

What drains into the portal v.?

A

Post sup pancreaticoduodenal v.
Right gastric v.
Left gastric v.

54
Q

Which vein is associated with esophageal vv.?

A

Left gastric v.

55
Q

What small vein drains into the portal vein?

A

Cystic v.

56
Q

What are the portal-caval anastomoses?

A

Esophagus (Gut)
Rectum (Butt)
Superficial abdomen (Caput)

57
Q

For the esophageal anastomosis, what makes up the portal and what makes up the caval?

A

Portal: gastric vv. to (hepatic) portal vein
Caval: esophageal vv. to azygos vv.

58
Q

What innervates parietal peritoneum?

A

Phrenic nerve - It refers pain to c3-c5 dermatomes

59
Q

There is a blockage in the liver and blood cannot drain, how does the body deal with this?

A

Blood goes from portal vein to gastric vein to esophageal veins to azygos v.

This makes up the esophageal portal-caval anastomosis. This is indicated by the presence of esophageal varices.

60
Q

What are the parts of the rectal portal-caval anastomosis?

A

Portal: sup rectal vv. to (hepatic) portal v. (It will actual connect with IMV, then splenic is added, and then the portal vein)
Caval: mid and inf rectal vv. to internal iliac v.

61
Q

When the rectal portal-caval anastomosis occurs, what is happening?

A

Blood will flow from sup rectal v to mid and inf rectal vv.
It will then enter the internal iliac vein>common iliac vein>IVC

This is the rectal portal-caval anastomosis. This is indicated but the presence of internal hemorrhoids.

62
Q

What are the parts of the gut portal-caval anastomosis?

A

Portal: paraumbilical vv. to (hepatic) portal v.
Caval: epigastric vv. to femoral v.

63
Q

When the gut anastomosis occurs, what is taking place?

A

Instead of the paraumbilical vv. draining into the (hepatic) portal vein, they drain into superficial vv. of abdominal wall>superficial epigastric vv.>femoral v.>ext iliac v.>common iliac v.>IVC

This is indicated by the presence of a caput medusa (bulges on a patient’s stomach)

64
Q

Why does a distal splenorenal shunt (procedure that connects splenic vein and left renal vein) relieve portal hypertension?

A

It reroutes that splenic vein blood from joining with the IMV and into the portal vein to instead drain into the left renal vein which drains direct into IVC.

65
Q

What is the GI tract innervated by?

A

Sym and parasym only. No somatic innervation in GI tract

66
Q

Sympathetics come from where and synapse where? Parasympathetics come from where and synapse where?

A

T1-L2 - Synapse on paravertebral or preaortic ganglia

CN X (Vagus) & S2-S4 - Synapse close to targets

67
Q

GI Sympathetics

T5-T12?

L1-L2?

A

T5-T12

Greater, lesser, and least splanchnic nn. - innervate foregut and midgut

These synapse in pre-aortic ganglia

L1-L2

Lumbar splanchnic nn. - innervate hindgut

These synapse in pre-aortic ganglia

68
Q

GI Parasympathetics

Vagus nerve?

S2-S4?

A

Vagus

Innervates Foregut and midgut

S2-S4

Innervates hindgut

All parasympathetics synapse close to targets

HFF (14 decks)

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