Test 2 - Hutch - Male and Female Repro Flashcards
From testes to opening of the penis, name the pathway sperm must take.
Testis>epididymis>ductus deferens>meets with seminal vesicles>ejaculatory duct>prostatic urethra (prostatic juices)>membranous urethra>meets with bulbourethral glands>spongy urethra
Name the route of the drainage of the testes.
Reverse of the testicular arteries, except on the right side, the right testicular (and ovarian in females) goes directly into IVC while the left testicular vein drains into the left renal vein.
The seminal vesicles contribute what percentage of ejaculate?
70% - Fructose, proteins, enzymes - nourishes sperm
The prostate gland produces what percentage of ejaculate and what does the secretion do?
What is this homologous to in females?
30% - Neutralizes acidity of vagina, smooth muscle contributes to expulsion of sperm
Lesser vestibular glands
The bulbourethral glands produce how much of the ejaculate and what does it do?
What are they homologous to in females?
<5% of semen - neutralize acidity of urethra to prep for ejaculation
Bartholin’s glands in females
This is also called cowper’s gland
Name the parts of the penis.
Shaft (body)
Glans (head)
Corpus cavernosa (singular cavernosum) - These sit on the dorsal part of the penis (top of shaft)
Corpus spongiosum - one erectile tissue that sits on the ventral part of the penis
Name the 4 parts of the male sexual response
S - Stimulation
E - Erection
E - Emission
E - Ejaculation
Name the innervation of SEEE.
Stimulation - Pudendal n. (Somatic)
Erection - Pelvic splanchnic nn. (Parasympathetic)
Emission - Lumbar and sacral splanchnic nn. (Sympathetic)
Ejaculation - Pudendal n. (Somatic)
Via the pudendal n., where are stimulation signals sent?
S2-S4 spinal cord
For erection, where does the parasympathetic signal originate?
Name the route.
Name the molecule that causes vasodilation of deep penile arteries.
Lateral horns of S2-S4 spinal cord.
Pelvic splanchnic nn. to Inf hypogastic plexus (pre-aortic) & prostatic plexuses to penis.
Nitric Oxide (NO)
What is the catchy saying for erection?
S2, 3, and 4 keep the penis off the floor.
What happens to the veins during erection?
They are pinched closed by the filling of penile arteries and erectile bodies.
For emission, tell me where the signal comes from.
Name the route.
What is the NT involved, and what does it cause?
Lat horns of T10-L2 spinal cord.
Lumbar and sacral splanchnic nn. to Inf hypogastric plexus (pre-aortic) to spermatic tubes.
Norepinephrine causes peristaltic contractions of the ductus deferens, seminal vesicles, prostatic smooth muscles, and constriction of internal urethral sphincter.
For ejaculation, where does the signal come from?
Name the route.
What happens?
Ventral horn at S2-S4 spinal cord.
Pudendal n. conducts the motor impulse.
Rhythmic contractions of bulbospongiosus and ischiocavernosus mm.
The ovaries are held in place by several ligaments. Name the three we need to know and distinguish b/t them.
Ovarian ligament - goes directly to the ovary (remnant of gubernaculum)
Suspensory ligament - contain ovarian vessels in peritoneum
Mesovarium - the portion of the broad ligament that surrounds the ovary.
Tell me about the blood supply and drainage of the ovaries.
Ovarian aa. come right off the aorta.
Veins are the same as the male drainage. Right ovarian vein drains directly into IVC, while left ovarian vein drains into left renal vein.
Name the major parts of the uterine tubes.
Fimbriae- fingerlike projections
Infundibulum - collects the egg
Ampulla - site of fertilization (usually)
Isthmus - skinny part of tube that connects it to the uterus.
Name the three layers of the uterus from superficial to deep.
Name the three major parts of the uterus.
Perimetrium
Myometrium
Endometrium
Superior, rounded part - Fundus
Main body - body
End with opening - cervix
Cervical glands secrete what that blocks sperm entry, and when do this function subside?
Mucus
During midcycle
Name and describe the three parts of the broad ligament of the uterus.
Name and describe the two pouches you need to know.
Mesovarium - surrounds the ovary
Mesoalpinx - surrounds the uterine tube
Mesometrium- surrounds the uterus
Vesicouterine pouch - found b/t uterus and bladder
Rectouterine pouch - found b/t uterus and rectum
Name the uterine vascular supply and where they come from.
Ovarian aa. - abdominal aorta
Uterine aa. - internal iliac a.
Vaginal aa. - internal iliac a.
What is the perineum?
Also name the two triangles there and what are in those.
Diamond shaped region b/t pubis, ischium, and coccyx
Clitoris, urethra, vagina, and associated mm. - Urogenital triangle
Anus and associated mm. - Anal triangle
Name and describe the two mm. You need to know in the perineum.
Bulbospongiosus m. - borders the vagina
Ischiocavernosus m. - looks like a triangle with the point at the pubic symphsis
Name parts of the female external genitalia.
Mons pubis, glans clitoris, labia majora, labia minora, vestibule (space b/t folds of labia minora)
What is the female erectile tissue homologous to the corpus spongiosum of the penis?
What are the erectile tissues in females?
Bulb of the vestibule, one on each side of the vagina.
Clitoris, crura of the clitoris, and bulb of the vestibule (2 of them)
What do the greater vestibular glands do and where are they found and what are they homologous to in males?
Release mucus into the vestibule for lubrication.
Found just deep to the bulb of the vestibule.
Homologous to bulbourethral glands in males
What do the lesser vestibular glands do and where are they found and what are they homologous to in males?
Release secretions similar to male prostate.
Found just south of the urethra.
Homologous to prostate gland in males.
Name the parts of the female sexual response.
Clitoris and perineum are innervated by the pudendal n. - from ventral rami at S2-S4. This is somatic sensation (pressure, touch, vibration, temp), however, ANS axons travel with it as well.
Parasympathetics cause clitoral erection. This is done by pelvic splanchnic nn. at the S2-S4 spinal cord levels
Orgasm is achieved somatically via the pudendal n. found at the levels of S2-S4 - This is rhythmic contraction of perineal mm.
Name the route of the male testicular aa.
Aorta>deep inguinal ring>inguinal canal>superficial inguinal ring>spermatic cord
