Test 2 - Hutch - Male and Female Repro

Question 1

From testes to opening of the penis, name the pathway sperm must take.

Answer 1

Testis>epididymis>ductus deferens>meets with seminal vesicles>ejaculatory duct>prostatic urethra (prostatic juices)>membranous urethra>meets with bulbourethral glands>spongy urethra

Question 3

Name the route of the drainage of the testes.

Answer 3

Reverse of the testicular arteries, except on the right side, the right testicular (and ovarian in females) goes directly into IVC while the left testicular vein drains into the left renal vein.

Question 4

The seminal vesicles contribute what percentage of ejaculate?

Answer 4

70% - Fructose, proteins, enzymes - nourishes sperm

Question 5

The prostate gland produces what percentage of ejaculate and what does the secretion do?

What is this homologous to in females?

Answer 5

30% - Neutralizes acidity of vagina, smooth muscle contributes to expulsion of sperm

Lesser vestibular glands

Question 6

The bulbourethral glands produce how much of the ejaculate and what does it do?

What are they homologous to in females?

Answer 6

<5% of semen - neutralize acidity of urethra to prep for ejaculation

Bartholin’s glands in females

This is also called cowper’s gland

Question 7

Name the parts of the penis.

Answer 7

Shaft (body)
Glans (head)
Corpus cavernosa (singular cavernosum) - These sit on the dorsal part of the penis (top of shaft)
Corpus spongiosum - one erectile tissue that sits on the ventral part of the penis

Question 8

Name the 4 parts of the male sexual response

Answer 8

S - Stimulation
E - Erection
E - Emission
E - Ejaculation

Question 9

Name the innervation of SEEE.

Answer 9

Stimulation - Pudendal n. (Somatic)

Erection - Pelvic splanchnic nn. (Parasympathetic)

Emission - Lumbar and sacral splanchnic nn. (Sympathetic)

Ejaculation - Pudendal n. (Somatic)

Question 10

Via the pudendal n., where are stimulation signals sent?

Answer 10

S2-S4 spinal cord

Question 11

For erection, where does the parasympathetic signal originate?

Name the route.

Name the molecule that causes vasodilation of deep penile arteries.

Answer 11

Lateral horns of S2-S4 spinal cord.

Pelvic splanchnic nn. to Inf hypogastic plexus (pre-aortic) & prostatic plexuses to penis.

Nitric Oxide (NO)

Question 12

What is the catchy saying for erection?

Answer 12

S2, 3, and 4 keep the penis off the floor.

Question 13

What happens to the veins during erection?

Answer 13

They are pinched closed by the filling of penile arteries and erectile bodies.

Question 14

For emission, tell me where the signal comes from.

Name the route.

What is the NT involved, and what does it cause?

Answer 14

Lat horns of T10-L2 spinal cord.

Lumbar and sacral splanchnic nn. to Inf hypogastric plexus (pre-aortic) to spermatic tubes.

Norepinephrine causes peristaltic contractions of the ductus deferens, seminal vesicles, prostatic smooth muscles, and constriction of internal urethral sphincter.

Question 15

For ejaculation, where does the signal come from?

Name the route.

What happens?

Answer 15

Ventral horn at S2-S4 spinal cord.

Pudendal n. conducts the motor impulse.

Rhythmic contractions of bulbospongiosus and ischiocavernosus mm.

Question 16

The ovaries are held in place by several ligaments. Name the three we need to know and distinguish b/t them.

Answer 16

Ovarian ligament - goes directly to the ovary (remnant of gubernaculum)

Suspensory ligament - contain ovarian vessels in peritoneum

Mesovarium - the portion of the broad ligament that surrounds the ovary.

Question 17

Tell me about the blood supply and drainage of the ovaries.

Answer 17

Ovarian aa. come right off the aorta.

Veins are the same as the male drainage. Right ovarian vein drains directly into IVC, while left ovarian vein drains into left renal vein.

Question 18

Name the major parts of the uterine tubes.

Answer 18

Fimbriae- fingerlike projections

Infundibulum - collects the egg

Ampulla - site of fertilization (usually)

Isthmus - skinny part of tube that connects it to the uterus.

Question 19

Name the three layers of the uterus from superficial to deep.

Name the three major parts of the uterus.

Answer 19

Perimetrium
Myometrium
Endometrium

Superior, rounded part - Fundus
Main body - body
End with opening - cervix

Question 20

Cervical glands secrete what that blocks sperm entry, and when do this function subside?

Answer 20

Mucus

During midcycle

Question 21

Name and describe the three parts of the broad ligament of the uterus.

Name and describe the two pouches you need to know.

Answer 21

Mesovarium - surrounds the ovary
Mesoalpinx - surrounds the uterine tube
Mesometrium- surrounds the uterus

Vesicouterine pouch - found b/t uterus and bladder
Rectouterine pouch - found b/t uterus and rectum

Question 22

Name the uterine vascular supply and where they come from.

Answer 22

Ovarian aa. - abdominal aorta
Uterine aa. - internal iliac a.
Vaginal aa. - internal iliac a.

Question 23

What is the perineum?

Also name the two triangles there and what are in those.

Answer 23

Diamond shaped region b/t pubis, ischium, and coccyx

Clitoris, urethra, vagina, and associated mm. - Urogenital triangle

Anus and associated mm. - Anal triangle

Question 24

Name and describe the two mm. You need to know in the perineum.

Answer 24

Bulbospongiosus m. - borders the vagina

Ischiocavernosus m. - looks like a triangle with the point at the pubic symphsis

Question 25

Name parts of the female external genitalia.

Answer 25

Mons pubis, glans clitoris, labia majora, labia minora, vestibule (space b/t folds of labia minora)

Question 26

What is the female erectile tissue homologous to the corpus spongiosum of the penis?

What are the erectile tissues in females?

Answer 26

Bulb of the vestibule, one on each side of the vagina.

Clitoris, crura of the clitoris, and bulb of the vestibule (2 of them)

Question 27

What do the greater vestibular glands do and where are they found and what are they homologous to in males?

Answer 27

Release mucus into the vestibule for lubrication.

Found just deep to the bulb of the vestibule.

Homologous to bulbourethral glands in males

Question 28

What do the lesser vestibular glands do and where are they found and what are they homologous to in males?

Answer 28

Release secretions similar to male prostate.

Found just south of the urethra.

Homologous to prostate gland in males.

Question 29

Name the parts of the female sexual response.

Answer 29

Clitoris and perineum are innervated by the pudendal n. - from ventral rami at S2-S4. This is somatic sensation (pressure, touch, vibration, temp), however, ANS axons travel with it as well.

Parasympathetics cause clitoral erection. This is done by pelvic splanchnic nn. at the S2-S4 spinal cord levels

Orgasm is achieved somatically via the pudendal n. found at the levels of S2-S4 - This is rhythmic contraction of perineal mm.

Question 30

Name the route of the male testicular aa.

Answer 30

Aorta>deep inguinal ring>inguinal canal>superficial inguinal ring>spermatic cord