Test 2 - Colombo - GI Flashcards
Name the 4 layers of the gut tube from deep to superficial.
Mucosa
Submucosa
Muscularis
Serosa/Adventitia
Name the tissues in the mucosa.
Epithelium
Lamina propriety
Muscularis mucosa
Name the tissue that makes up the submucosa.
Dense irregular connective tissue.
Name the tissue that makes up the muscularis layer.
Smooth muscle.
Name the tissue that makes up the serosa/adventitia.
Connective tissue
What is the difference between serosa and adventitia?
When the adventitia is covered with mesothelium, it is called serosa.
What is mesothelium?
Simple squamous lining epithelium
Where is adventitia found?
Generally attaches one organ to another
The smooth muscle associated with the digestive tract will have 2 things. An outer _____________ layer and an inner _______________ layer.
Longitudinal
Circular
What are the 3 regions of the pharynx from superior to inferior?
Nasopharynx
Oropharynx
Laryngopharynx
There are 2 types of GI motility. Name them.
Peristalsis
Segmentation
Describe peristalsis
Adj segment of the tract alternately contract and relax, moving food along
Describe segmentation
Nonadj segments of the tract alternately contract and relax. This moves food forward then backward. Food mixing and slow food propulsion occurs.
Name the three layers of the pharynx from deep to superficial.
Mucosa
Muscularis externa
Adventitia
What makes up the mucosa of the pharynx?
Non-keratinized stratified squamous, lamina propria (loose CT) w/ longitudinal elastic fibers
*There is no muscularis mucosa/submucosa
What makes up the muscularis externa of the pharynx?
Both circular and longitudinal skeletal muscle
What makes up the adventitia of the pharynx?
Connective tissue
When swallowing, what does the tongue, soft palate, epiglottis, and trachealis m. do?
Tongue - blocks off oral cavity
Soft palate - presses against back of nasopharynx
Epiglottis - covers the trachea
Trachealis m. - allows partial collapse of the trachea
The esophagus has three distinct parts as it relates to muscle. Describe them.
Upper 1/3 is skeletal
Middle 1/3 is mixed skeletal and smooth
Lower 1/3 is all smooth
Where are the esophageal glands found in the esophagus? Hint: They can be in 2 places.
What do these glands do?
What does the esophagus look a lot alike? How do you tell the difference?
Submucosa
Lamina propria
They add secretions that aid in the passage of stuff down the tube.
Vagina. The vagina does not have esophageal glands.
What are the 4 layers of the esophagus from deep to superficial?
Mucosa
Submucosa
Muscularis externa
Adventitia
What type of muscle is the esophageal sphincter formed from?
What does this sphincter do?
What disease results when this sphincter malfunctions?
Smooth muscle layer of muscularis externa.
Opens to let food into stomach. Contracts to close and keep stomach acid in the stomach.
GERD (Gastro-Esophageal Reflux Disease)
At the junction of the esophagus and the stomach, the epithelium transitions from _____________ to ____________.
Stratified squamous
Simple columnar
When acidic fluid is added to the bolus of food and mixed, what is the mixture called?
Chyme
What breaks down lipids?
Lipase
What breaks down proteins?
Pepsin
Does absorption happen in the stomach?
No. It is mixing and breaking down food.
_______ _______ are indentations in the mucosa that lead to ________ _________.
Gastric pits
Gastric glands
At the cardia of the stomach, the pits are ________ than the glands.
Shorter
In what part(s) of the stomach are pits and glands about equal in length?
Body/fundus