test 3: lipids Flashcards
what is a lipid
: A hydrophobic biological substance that is has a much higher affinity for an organic solvent than for water
many biological lipids are what
ampipathic
what is the 1st class of lipids
fatty acids
how many carbons are in a long chain oc carboxulic acids
even number maybe 40
what does it mean to be saturated
no double bonds
ex: steric acid
what does unstaturated mean
has double bonds
example: oleic acid
the double bonds are in what confirmation
cis
what is the 2nd class of lipids
biologic. waxes
what are waxes
nonpolar esters of fatty acids and long chain alcohols.
how to make a wax
alcohol + acid = ester
example of a biolog. wax
beeswax
what is the 3rd class of lipids
triaglyceralds (TAGS)
what is TAG made from
esterification of 3 fatty acids + glucerol
what charge does TAG have
neutralized = completey hydrophobic
what is considered a nutriionla fat
triglyceride
how to name fatty acids
delta nomenclature is carboxyl C gets
- indicate the # of double bonds after colon
- indicate location of DB from head w/ greek Delta
omega nomenclature
- everything is the same but the location of the db from the tail end
what atre TAGS stored with
lipases
what do lipases do
break tag ester bonds
get energy though glycolysis and TCA
what are some advantages relative to carbs
more energy 9 Kcal compated to 4 Kcal for carbs
- also have insultation
where do TAGS store water
in adipocytes
what are some disadvantages relative to carbs with TAGS
- take longer to access the stored energy
what is saponification
chemical process of turning fats or oils into soap and glycerol and treating them with a strong base like NaOH or Potassium KOH
what formation is entropically driven
micelle formation