chapter 1 intro

Question 1

carboxylic acid + alcohol =

Answer 1

ester + water

Question 2

why is carboxylic acid a strong acid

Answer 2

• it has resonance and resonance is that makes it stable

Question 3

carboxy. + amine = amide + water

Answer 3

CA + thiol = thioester + water

Question 4

what is this structure
R-C-O-R

Answer 4

ester

Question 5

how to make anhydride

Answer 5

carboxylic acid + carboxylic acid

Question 6

how to make a mixed anhydride

Answer 6

CA + phosphoric acid

Question 7

how to make a phosphoanhydrude

Answer 7

phosphoric acid + phosphoric acid

Question 8

what is this structure

Answer 8

phosphoanhydride

Question 9

why are anhydrides important

Answer 9

they contain stored chemical energy

Question 10

which bons are low energy bonds in comparison to anyhydrides

Answer 10

phosphoester

Question 11

examole of creating monomers

Answer 11

• urey and S miller experiment
• ## proposed by oparin and Haldane

Question 12

what did the urey and miller experiment show

Answer 12

demonstration of abiotic formation of organic compounds

Question 13

what is important about the RNA world hypotheses

Answer 13

• proposed by woese crick and orgel

Question 14

why RNA world scenario/ hypthesis

Answer 14

• rna can carry both genetic info and catalysis

Question 15

what did thomac cech do

Answer 15

discovered the first rna enzyme (ribozyome)

Question 16

most proteins are what chirality

Answer 16

L

Question 17

why is the new tree important

Answer 17

• phyolgeny using ribosomes
• carl woese
• discovrered a third superkindgom (archaea)

Question 18

what was important about the endosymbiotic origin of mito and chloroplasts

Answer 18

• ncestral eukaryotic cell engulfed aerobic bacteria (which became mitochondria) and later, photosynthetic cyanobacteria (which became chloroplasts) through endosymbiosis. Over time, these engulfed bacteria formed a symbiotic relationship with the host cell, evolving into organelles with their own DNA, double membranes, and functions—mitochondria for cellular respiration and chloroplasts for photosynthesis.