chapter 1 intro Flashcards
carboxylic acid + alcohol =
ester + water
why is carboxylic acid a strong acid
- it has resonance and resonance is that makes it stable
carboxy. + amine = amide + water
CA + thiol = thioester + water
what is this structure
R-C-O-R
ester
how to make anhydride
carboxylic acid + carboxylic acid
how to make a mixed anhydride
CA + phosphoric acid
how to make a phosphoanhydrude
phosphoric acid + phosphoric acid
what is this structure
phosphoanhydride
why are anhydrides important
they contain stored chemical energy
which bons are low energy bonds in comparison to anyhydrides
phosphoester
examole of creating monomers
- urey and S miller experiment
- ## proposed by oparin and Haldane
what did the urey and miller experiment show
demonstration of abiotic formation of organic compounds
what is important about the RNA world hypotheses
- proposed by woese crick and orgel
why RNA world scenario/ hypthesis
- rna can carry both genetic info and catalysis
what did thomac cech do
discovered the first rna enzyme (ribozyome)
most proteins are what chirality
L
why is the new tree important
- phyolgeny using ribosomes
- carl woese
- discovrered a third superkindgom (archaea)
what was important about the endosymbiotic origin of mito and chloroplasts
- ncestral eukaryotic cell engulfed aerobic bacteria (which became mitochondria) and later, photosynthetic cyanobacteria (which became chloroplasts) through endosymbiosis. Over time, these engulfed bacteria formed a symbiotic relationship with the host cell, evolving into organelles with their own DNA, double membranes, and functions—mitochondria for cellular respiration and chloroplasts for photosynthesis.
