Test 3 Flashcards
An animal or plant can make the cell membrane more viscous by using
Saturated fatty acids
What happens to an animal cell in a hypertonic solution.
It shrinks
In which direction do the sodium (Na+) and potassium (K+) ions move in the sodium/potassium pump?
Potassium (K+) into the cell, sodium (Na+) out
Respiration is a — reaction that — energy?
Catabolic
Releases
In anaerobic respiration, pyruvate is converted into — in animals and — in plants.
Lactate
Ethanol
Krebs cycle turns — into CO2, and produces — NADH molecules
Pyruvate
6
In aerobic respiration, how many carbon dioxide molecules are produced from the breakdown of one glucose molecule?
6
Apart from ATP and NADH, Krebs cycle also stores Chemical energy as the molecule:
2FADH,2
Give an example off exocytosis
Tears and milk
State the second law of thermodynamics
Entropy (disorder) is always increasing, so things fall apart and break down, because the general trend is towards disorder.
Energy of movement is called
Kinetic energy
In the catabolism of food, apart from the electron transport chain (ETC) amino acids are broken down by
None of these
An inhibitor which attaches to the active site of an enzyme is called a
Competitive inhibitor
Why does the rate of an enzyme controlled reaction typically decrease if the temperature rises above 40 degrees Celsius?
The enzymes become denatured. Cold temperatures slow enzymes.
What is phagocytosis?
Solids brought into the cell
How many carbon atoms are there in a molecule of pyruvate?
3
The electron transport chain of respiration produces — ATP molecules
32
Give an example of a coenzyme
Vitamins
How many oxygen molecules react with one glucose molecule in aerobic respiration?
6
What is the function of the oligosaccharides that stick up from the surface of the cell membrane?
They let the immune system identify the cell
Enzymes are
Proteins
ATP stands for
Adenosine Tri Phosphate
The area in an enzyme that fits around the substrate is called the
Active site
Which stage in aerobic respiration produces carbon dioxide?
Krebs cycle
How thick is the plasma membrane?
10 nm (nanometers)
