Biology Lab 1

Question 1

What are elements? Give 3 examples.

Answer 1

Substances that are made of only one type of atom.

Examples: gold, aluminum, iron,oxygen, carbon (anything on the Periodic Table of ELEMENTS) 🤓

Question 2

The 4 most common elements in plants and animals:

Answer 2

1. Hydrogen
2. Oxygen
3. Carbon
4. Nitrogen

Question 3

Compounds are ________________________.

Answer 3

Substances made of 2 or more different atoms.

Examples: water, proteins, DNA, Steel, plastic

Question 4

Hydrocarbons consist of_______________________?

Answer 4

ONLY carbon and hydrogen atoms bonded together to form molecules.

Question 5

The first part of a hydrocarbon’s name tells you what?

Answer 5

How many carbon atoms are in each molecule.

1. Meth = 1 carbon atom
2. Eth = 2 carbon atoms
3. Prop = 3 carbon atoms
4. But= 4 carbon atoms
5. Pent = 5 carbon atoms

Question 6

The last part of a hydrocarbon’s name tells you______________?

Answer 6

If the molecule has double bonds between the carbon atoms.

1. -ane (like in methane) = no double bonds (only single bonds).
2. -ene (like in butene) = 1 or more double bonds

Question 7

Isomers

Answer 7

Molecules w/ the same (iso) number of atoms, but a different structural formula.

Question 8

How many isomers can PENTANE form?

Answer 8

3

Question 9

Methane

Answer 9

CH4

Question 10

Ethane

Answer 10

C2H6

Question 11

Propane

Answer 11

C3H8

Question 12

Butane

Answer 12

C4H10

Question 13

Ethene

Answer 13

C2H4

Question 14

Propene

Answer 14

C3H4

Question 15

Butene

Answer 15

C4H4

Question 16

Pentene

Answer 16

C5H8

Question 17

Ethanol (alcohol)

Answer 17

C2H5OH

Question 18

Acetic acid

Answer 18

CH3COOH

Question 19

Glycine. (Simplest amino acid)

Answer 19

NH2CH2COOH

CH#COOH must mean it’s an acid

Question 20

Urea

Answer 20

NH2CONH2

Question 21

Glyceraldehyde ( monosaccharide)

Answer 21

C3H6O3

Question 22

Valence electrons

Answer 22

Electrons in the outer shell of an atom.

1. 2 on first shell
2. 8 on 2nd shell
3. 8 on 3rd shell

Question 23

Covalent bond

Answer 23

When 2 or more atoms share electrons to form bonds between them.

Question 24

Difference between a molecular formula and a structural formula

Answer 24

1. Molecular formula tells the number and name of each element.
2. Structural formula shows the single and/or double bonds between the elements.

Question 25

Equation to find the number of hydrogen atoms per molecule if given the number of carbon atoms (for hydrocarbon’s with single bonds (ends with -ane)).

Answer 25

(C x 2) + 2

C = Carbon atom

Question 26

Can a hydrogen atom form double bonds?

Answer 26

No, because it only has 1 valence electron, so it can’t form a double bond.

Question 27

All living and non-living things are composed of ________________

Answer 27

Atoms

Question 28

Hydrogen has how many electrons?

Answer 28

1