Biology Chapter 10 Flashcards
Photosynthesis takes in — and — and produces —?
Carbon dioxide,
Water,
Glucose
6 CO2 + 12 H2O —->
C6H12O6 + 6 H2O + 6 O2
Autotrophs
Make organic molecules themselves by photosynthesis.
Eg: green plants, algae
Heterotrophs
Take in organic molecules ready made.
Eg: animals (feeding), fungi (decomposing)
Water comes into the leaf through
Veins from the roots
CO2 enters the leaf through
Small holes called stomata
Where are chloroplasts mainly?
On the top surface of the leaf
What are the two stages of photosynthesis?
Light reactions and Calvin cycle
Light reaction uses light energy
To form ATP and also split water into hydrogen and oxygen
What is added to NADP to make NADPH?
Hydrogen
Calvin cycle
Uses NADPH and ATP to form carbohydrate from carbon dioxide
Different colors of light are different
Wavelengths
Red light has a longer wavelength than
Blue light
Chlorophyll reflects — but absorbs — and —.
green light,
red and blue light
Electron acceptor molecules hold high energy electrons to
stop them from wasting the energy as heat
A photosystem is
A chlorophyll molecule, electron acceptor, and other light gathering molecules like carotene
What is one idea to help the search for life on other planets?
Look for the characteristic wavelengths of light that are reflected by photosynthetic organisms
Where do the light reactions take place?
In the grana of the chloroplast
Photosynthesis is
A series of anabolic reactions that form carbohydrates.
Cyclic electron flow uses
photosystem I
How does the cyclic acid cycle produce ATP
Using a proton pump
Non-cyclic electron flow
Uses photosystems I and II
Produces ATP and NADPH molecules
Splits water to get electrons from the hydrogen
Calvin cycle takes place where?
In the stroma of the chloroplast
The Calvin cycle takes in — and produces —
CO2,
Carbohydrate (Glyceraldehyde phosphate)
The Calvin cycle uses the — and — that were produced in the light reactions
ATP,
NADPH
In artificial photosynthesis, light is used to
Split water and produce hydrogen
Hydrogen powered cars
Have a range of over 300 miles,
Can be refueled in a few minutes
Glyceraldehyde phosphate is used to make
Glucose (C6H12O6)
Glucose can be stored in the plant as
Starch
Other enzymes convert carbohydrates into
Lipids
Plants can make proteins if they have
Nitrate (absorbed into roots from fertilizer)
Plants can make Nucleic acids if they have
Phosphate
The three different types of plants are
C3 plants
C4 plants
CAM plants
C3 plants
Typical plants that open their stomata during the day and close their stomata at night.
Commonly in cool areas: Canada
C4 plants
Open their stomata only briefly during the day.
Mainly tropical plants: sugarcane
C4 plants store CO2 as the 4 carbon sugar
Oxaloacetate
CAM plants
Only open their stomata at night to conserve water.
Desert plants: cactus
