Biology Chapter 16

Question 1

What bacteria did Frederick Griffith work with in 1928?

Answer 1

Streptococcus

Question 2

What did Frederick Griffith’s work with streptococcus Show?

Answer 2

A chemical could change harmless bacteria into pathogenic bacteria

Question 3

Pathogenic means

Answer 3

Disease causing

Question 4

Which strain killed mice?

Answer 4

The smooth strain

Question 5

Which strain did not kill mice?

Answer 5

The rough strain

Question 6

If Frederick Griffith mixed dead smooth bacteria with live rough bacteria what happened?

Answer 6

The mice died and had live smooth bacteria in them

Question 7

Scientifically, how did the mice die?

Answer 7

The rough bacteria had absorbed DNA from the dead smooth ones, which changed the rough strain into the deadly smooth strain

Question 8

When did Barbara McClintock show that genes are on chromosomes?

Answer 8

1941

Question 9

In 1941 what did Barbara McClintock Show?

Answer 9

That genes are on chromosomes

Question 10

When did Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase use viruses labeled with radioactivity to show that DNA is the genetic material?

Answer 10

1952

Question 11

Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase used viruses labeled with radioactivity to show that

Answer 11

DNA is the genetic material

Question 12

When did Rosalind Franklin, James Watson, and Francis Crick use X-Ray diffraction to work out the structure of DNA?

Answer 12

1953

Question 13

Rosalind Franklin, James Watson, and Francis Crick used X-Ray diffraction to

Answer 13

Work out the structure of DNA

Question 14

During interphase, before mitosis or meiosis, the DNA is copied inside the

Answer 14

Nucleus

Question 15

When did Matthew Meselson and Franklin Stahl use bacteria to show that DNA replication was semi-conservative?

Answer 15

1957

Question 16

Matthew Meselson and Franklin Stahl used bacteria to show

Answer 16

That DNA replication is semi-conservative

Question 17

What does semi-conservative mean?

Answer 17

Each new pair of DNA strands contains one old strand and one new one

Question 18

What is the first step of DNA replication?

Answer 18

The two strands of DNA separate

Question 19

What is the second step of DNA replication?

Answer 19

Each strand acts as a template (or model) for a new DNA strand

Question 20

What is the third step of DNA replication?

Answer 20

The enzyme DNA polymerase forms new DNA sections working from the 3’ (3 prime) end of the original DNA to the 5’ (5 prime) end

Question 21

What is the fourth step of DNA replication?

Answer 21

DNA ligase joins together the Okazaki fragments

Question 22

What is the fifth step of DNA replication?

Answer 22

Nucleus enzymes correct any mistakes in the DNA

Question 23

When did Frederick Griffith work with bacteria?

Answer 23

1928