Biology Chapter 9

Question 1

Glucose + Oxygen —> Carbon dioxide + Water + Energy

Answer 1

C6H12O6 + 6 O2 —> 6 CO2 + 6 H2O

Question 2

Aerobic respiration

Answer 2

Uses oxygen

Question 3

Anaerobic respiration

Answer 3

Does not use oxygen

Question 4

Aerobic respiration is divided into 3 main stages

Answer 4

Glycolysis, Citric acid cycle, and Electron transport chain

Question 5

Glycolysis

Answer 5

Glucose is split into 2 molecules of glyceraldehyde phosphate, then these are turned into pyruvate. This produces 2 ATP and 2 NADH.

Question 6

Glucose

Answer 6

6 carbon atoms

Question 7

Glyceraldehyde Phosphate

Answer 7

3 carbon atoms

Question 8

Pyruvate

Answer 8

3 carbon atoms

Question 9

Where does glycolysis take place?

Answer 9

The cytoplasm

Question 10

Acetyl CoA

Answer 10

2 carbon atoms

Question 11

Citrate

Answer 11

6 carbon atoms

Question 12

Oxaloacetate

Answer 12

4 carbon atoms

Question 13

Citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle)

Answer 13

The main chemicals are acetyl CoA, citrate, and oxaloacetate. This produces 2 ATP, 6 NADH, and 2 FADH2.

Takes place inside the mitochondria.

Produces the CO2 that we breath out.

Question 14

Electron transport chain

Answer 14

Produces most of the energy (32 ATP molecules)

Converts the NADH and FADH2 into ATP.

Takes place in the mitochondria.

Question 15

Energy produced in stages

Answer 15

Electron transport chain - 32 ATP molecules
Glycolysis - 2 ATP molecules
Citric acid style - 2 ATP molecules

Question 16

The electron transport chain works as a proton pump

Answer 16

Pumps hydrogen ions (protons) through the membrane, and only allows them back through a protein (ATP synthase) which makes ATP.

Uses oxygen to accept electrons at the end of the chain (the electrons combine with hydrogen ions and oxygen to produce water molecules)

Question 17

Glycolysis

Answer 17

Cytoplasm - breaks down glucose to pyruvate - 2 ATP - 2 NADH

Question 18

Citric acid cycle

Answer 18

Mitochondria - turns pyruvate into CO2 -

2 ATP - 6 NADH - 2 FADH2

Question 19

Electron transport chain

Answer 19

Mitochondria - converts NADH and FADH2 into ATP - 32 ATP

Question 20

Catabolism of food

Answer 20

Cells can use several organic molecules in respiration, not just glucose. Carbohydrates are broken down using all 3 stages of respiration.

Question 21

Catabolism of food

Answer 21

Lipids are broken down to glyceraldehyde, so they go through parts of glycolysis, then the citric acid cycle and the electron transport chain.

Question 22

Catabolism of food

Answer 22

Proteins are deaminated (the amino group is removed) and then converted in acetyl CoA, which is used in his citric acid cycle, and then the electron transport chain (so they skip glycolysis)

Question 23

Anaerobic respiration

Answer 23

Does not use oxygen

Only glycolysis can occur

Single called organisms (bacteria, yeast) can survive anaerobically.

Large animals (humans) build up on oxygen debt when anaerobic.

Question 24

During anaerobic respiration, pyruvate builds up and is converted to

Answer 24

Lactate (lactic acid) in animals

Ethanol (alcohol) in plants

Question 25

“Beer is proof that God loves us and wants us to be happy.”

Answer 25

Benjamin Franklin

Question 26

Respiration

Answer 26

A catabolic reaction that breaks down glucose to release energy (ATP). Energy is stored in the cell as ATP or NADH.