Biology Chapter 1 Flashcards
Name two things the scientific method does.
- Gradually increases our understanding of the world.
2. Weed out any faulty assumptions or conclusions.
Name the 4 steps of the scientific method.
Hypothesis, prediction, experiments, conclusion
What is a hypothesis?
And idea that can be tested.
What is a prediction?
The logical consequence of a hypothesis.
What are experiments designed to do?
Disprove the hypothesis.
Why are you experiments designed to disprove, rather than to prove, the hypothesis?
It is easy to disprove an idea, but virtually impossible to prove it.
(example of the scientific method: coral snakes)
What group differs from the experimental group?
The control group.
To test the new medication you divide patients into two groups. Which group is given the new drug?
The experimental group.
To test a new medication you divide patients into two groups. which group is given either the old medication or a placebo?
The control group.
What is a placebo?
A pill or injection that contains no medication (used in testing pharmaceutical drugs).
Which would give more accurate results – a larger sample or a smaller sample size?
A larger sample size.
What is a theory?
A hypothesis which has been supported by many experiments. It has a lot of evidence to back it up.
Who said “The mere formulation of the problem is often far more east central bandit solution, which may be a matter of mathematical or experimental skill. To raise new questions, new possibilities, to be guard old problems from a new angle requires creative imagination and marks real advance in science.”
Albert Einstein
What are the six characteristics of organisms?
They are composed of cells, growth and development, metabolism, they move, they respond to the environment, reproduction
A one celled organism is unicellular. Name a unicellular organism.
Bacteria, amoeba
And organism with many sales is multicellular. Name a multicellular organism
Plants, animals, people.
What is growth?
An increase in size.
What is development
A change in proportions or functions.
What is metabolism?
All the chemical reactions in the body.
What is homeostasis?
Keeping the internal environment constant.
What would a unicellular organism use to move?
Cilia, flagella.
What is sexual reproduction?
Reproduction where the offspring vary from each other.
What is asexual reproduction?
Reproduction where the offspring are identical clones of the original.
What is evolution?
The process by which species change over time.
Name the two scientists who explain the theory of evolution in 1859.
Charles Darwin and Alfred Wallace.
What is another name for the process of evolution?
Natural selection
What does “natural selection” mean?
Nature selects the best in each generation.
What is another way of saying “natural selection”?
Survival of the fittest.
What are the four main points of the theory of evolution?
- all organisms produce many offspring, that are all different
- most of the offspring die young before they can reproduce. 3. The few that survive have genes that adapt them to the local environment, so nature select the best genes.
- over time the population slowly becomes better adapted.
Who invented biological classification?
Linnaeus
In what year was biological classification invented?
1753
Name the order of biological classification from the broadest to the most specific.
Domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, Genus, species.
(Does King Philip climb over family genes specifically?)
What is the singular of phylum?
Phyla
What is the singular of Genus
Genera
How do you write the scientific name of something?
The Genus name followed by the species name.
What is the scientific name for a leopard?
Panthera pardus
In what domain with the leopard be classified?
Eukarya
In what kingdom is the leopard?
Animal
In what phylum is the leopard?
Chordates
In what class is the leopard?
Mammals
In what order is the leopard?
Carnivores
In what family is the leopard?
Cats
In what Genus is the leopard?
Panthera
In what species is the leopard?
Pardus
The scientific method is a series of___________?
Steps
