Terminal Respiration

Question 1

In order for terminal respiration to occur what needs to be in the mitochondrial matrix ?

Answer 1

NADH & FADH2

Question 2

What is the origin of NADH for the ETC ?

Answer 2

CAC
Beta-Oxidation
Glycolysis (cytoplasm to FADH2 via G-3-P shuttle)

Question 3

Explain how NADH in the cytoplasm enters the mitochondria for the ETC

Answer 3

NADH + H -> NAD
NAD meets with Dihydroxyacetone phosphate which turns into G-3-P which is shuttled through the into the mitochondria to fom FADH2 which can then enter the ETC at complex II.

Question 4

Why is the glycerol phosphate shuttle not energetically favorable for the proton concentration gradient ?

Answer 4

When FADH2 enters the ETC it will immediately enter at complex II which does not pump out protons & therefore protons that were pumped in complex I will have been missed.

Question 5

What is the name of complex I of the ETC ?

Answer 5

NADH Dehydrogenase

Question 6

What occurs in Complex I of the ETC ?

Answer 6

NADH + H = NAD passes electrons to Ubiquinone = Ubiquinol (QH4)
Protons are pumped into the inter-membranous space

Question 7

What is QH4?

Answer 7

Ubiquinol

Question 8

What kind of centers does Complex I contain ?

Answer 8

Fe-S centers

Question 9

What external substances can block the flow of electrons through Fe-S centers ?

Answer 9

Barbiturates & anitbiotics

Question 10

What occurs in Complex I of the ETC ?

Answer 10

Oxidation of FADH2 into FAD

Ubiquinone -> Ubiquinol (QH4)

Question 11

What does Complex II contain that helps direct electrons through the complex ?

Answer 11

Heme group (acts as shield)

Question 12

What causes a generation of free radicals ?

Answer 12

When there is no heme group present to direct electrons through the complex therefore electrons leak into the membrane thus generating free radicals

Question 13

What is another name for Ubiquinone & what is one of its functions ?

Answer 13

Q10 or CoenzymeQ10

Ubiquinone helps to reduce free radicals

Question 14

What is the name of complex III of the ETC ?

Answer 14

Cytochrome b-c1

Question 15

What occurs in Complex III of the ETC ?

Answer 15

Electrons from Ubiquinol are passed to Cytochrome C

Protons are pumped into the inter-membranous space

Question 16

How many Cytochrome C molecules are generated from 1 Ubiquinol ?

Answer 16

2 Cytochrome C molecules

Question 17

What is the name of Complex IV of the ETC ?

Answer 17

Cytochrome Oxidase

Question 18

What occurs in Complex IV of the ETC ?

Answer 18

Electrons are taken from Cytochrome C and passed to molecular Oxygen to generate H2O (water).
Protons are pumped into the inter-membranous space

Question 19

What kind of centers are found within Complex IV of the ETC ?

Answer 19

Fe-Cu centers

Question 20

What is the name of the enzyme complex in the ETC that generates ATP ?

Answer 20

ATP Synthase

Question 21

How many parts does ATP Synthase consist of ?

Answer 21

2 : F0 & F1

Question 22

Which component of ATP synthase is membrane bound ?

Answer 22

F0

Question 23

Which component of ATP synthase turns like a turbine and generates energy ?

Answer 23

F0

Question 24

Which component of ATP synthase has alpha and beta nubbins where ATP is made ?

Answer 24

F1

Question 25

What is the name of the rotational change which is generated by F0 & occurs in F1 ?

Answer 25

Binding Change Mechanism

Question 26

How many turns does it take in ATP synthase to generate 1 ATP ?

Answer 26

3

Question 27

How many H ions are needed to produce 1 ATP ?

Answer 27

3