Essential Pharmacology (NMJ and ANS) 1-2

Question 1

What are the two types of receptor ?

Answer 1

Intra-cellular and plasma membrane receptors

Question 2

What are two types of messenger that bind to intra-cellular receptors ?

Answer 2

Steroid hormones and NO

Question 3

What are the three types of plasma membrane receptor ?

Answer 3

Receptor-channel
Receptor enzyme
G protein coupled receptor

Question 4

What is the name for receptors that act as ion channels ?

Answer 4

Inotropic receptors

Question 5

What is the biggest group of receptors wit many sub-types ?

Answer 5

G protein coupled receptors

Question 6

What couples with G protein to regulate cAMP and PKA ?

Answer 6

Adenylyl cyclase

Question 7

What couples with G protein to regulate PKC ?

Answer 7

Phospholipase C

Question 8

What two products are coupled o produce DAG and IP3 ?

Answer 8

G protein and Phopholipase C

Question 9

What is inhibited/activated when G proteins are coupled with adenylyl cyclase ?

Answer 9

PKA

Question 10

Production of what is increased/decreased when denylyl cyclase is coupled with G protein ?

Answer 10

cAMP

Question 11

What is released when G rotein is coupled with phospholipase and PKC is activated/inhibited ?

Answer 11

Ca

Question 12

What is the purpose of cAMP within the cell ?

Answer 12

Building of organelles and channels within the cell and on the cell membrane

Question 13

What is Ca ?

Answer 13

A messenger

Question 14

There are three main sources of calcium in the cell, what are they ?

Answer 14

1: Release of CA from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (internal stores)
2: Outside the cell via ligand or voltage gate channels
3: Inhibition of Ca transport out of the cell

Question 15

How does Ca effect the cell ?

Answer 15

1: Directly effects target protein
2: Bins to calmodulin - then activates protein
3: Binds to other sites such as troponin

Question 16

How is a drugs response within a cell determined ?

Answer 16

By how saturated the binding sites are

Question 17

What happens when you increase the drug within a cell ?

Answer 17

The cells response increases

Question 18

What occurs in the cell when the drug has reached its maximum response ?

Answer 18

All of the binding sites have been saturated within the cell

Question 19

Define affinity

Answer 19

The affinity of a drug is determined by the strength of attraction between drug and receptor

Question 20

Define efficacy

Answer 20

The efficacy of a drug is determined by how good the drug is at activating the receptor

Question 21

What is the affinity and efficacy of a full agonist ?

Answer 21

High affinity and High efficacy

Question 22

What is the affinity and efficacy of an antagonist ?

Answer 22

High affinity and no efficacy or low efficacy

Question 23

What does Hemicholinum do to the NMJ ?

Answer 23

Inhibit choline transport

Question 24

What inhibits choline transport at the NMJ ?

Answer 24

Hemicholinum

Question 25

Black widow spider venom will do what to the NMJ ?

Answer 25

Block Ca voltage gated channels

Question 26

Botulinium toxin will do what to the NMJ ?

Answer 26

Block the fusion of vesicles

Question 27

What blocks the fusion of vesicles at the NMJ ?

Answer 27

Botulinium

Question 28

What blocks the Ca voltage gated channels at the NMJ ?

Answer 28

Black widow spider toxin

Question 29

Where is nicotine most potent ?

Answer 29

At the ganglia than the NMJ

Question 30

What blocks the parasympathetic effects at the post ganglionic neuron ?

Answer 30

Muscarinic receptor antagonists

Question 31

What mimics the parasympathetic effects at the post ganglionic neuron ?

Answer 31

Muscarinic agonist