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Science for Medicine > Autonomic 1-2 > Flashcards

Autonomic 1-2 Flashcards

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1
Q

What branch of the nervous system is in charge of involuntary actions ?

A

The autonomic nervous system

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2
Q

What branch of the nervous system is in charge of voluntary actions ?

A

The somatic nervous system

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3
Q

What are the two branches of the autonomic nervous system ?

A

The sympathetic nervous system and the parasympathetic nervous system

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4
Q

What kind of NMJ does the autonomic N.S. have ?

A

A less specialized NMJ than the parasympathetic N.S.

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5
Q

What kind of receptors are found at the autonomic NMJ ?

A

Metabotropic

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6
Q

The neurons from which nervous system branch can both excite and inhibit ?

A

The autonomic nervous system

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7
Q

What kind of NMJ does the somatic nervous system have ?

A

Specialized NMJ

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8
Q

What kind of receptors are found at the NMJ of the somatic nervous system ?

A

Inotropic

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9
Q

The neurons from which nervous system branch always excite its target ?

A

The somatic nervous system

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10
Q

What is the sympathetic nervous system known as ?

A

Fight or flight

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11
Q

What is the parasympathetic nervous system known as ?

A

Rest and Digest

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12
Q

Where on the spinal cord does the sympathetic nervous system flow from ?

A

Thoraco-lumbar

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13
Q

Where on the spinal cord does the parasympathetic nervous system flow from ?

A

Cranio-sacral

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14
Q

Where is the ganglia found in the sympathetic nervous system and what is this ganglia called ?

A

Close to the spinal cord

Para-vertebral ganglia

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15
Q

Where is the ganglia found in the parasympathetic nervous system and what is this ganglia called ?

A

Close to the target

Parasympathetic ganglia

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16
Q

What are the neurotransmitters released in the sympathetic nervous system ?

A

Acetylcholine and Nor-adrenaline (Adrenaline)

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17
Q

What are the receptors found within the sympathetic nervous system ?

A

Nicotinic and alpha and beta receptors

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18
Q

What receptors are found within the parasympathetic nervous system ?

A

Nicotinic and Muscarinic

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19
Q

What neurotransmitters are released in the parasympathetic nervous system ?

A

Acetylcholine only

20
Q

What releases adrenaline into the blood stream when there is sympathetic input ?

A

The adrenal medulla

21
Q

Acetylcholine acts on what kind of receptors ?

A

Cholinergic (Nicotinic and Muscarinic)

22
Q

Nor-adrenaline acts on what kind of receptors ?

A

Adrenergic receptors (alpha and beta)

23
Q

In the sympathetic nervous system what does the pre-ganglionic neuron release and act on ?

A

Pre-ganglionic neuron releases: Ach

Acts on: Nicotinic receptor

24
Q

In the sympathetic nervous system what does the post-ganglionic neuron release and act on ?

A

Post-ganglionic neuron releases: Nor-adrenaline

Acts on: alpha or beta adrenergic receptors

25
Q

In the parasympathetic nervous system what does the pre-ganglionic neuron release and act on ?

A

Pre-ganglionic neuron releases: Ach

Acts on: Nicotinic receptors

26
Q

In the parasympathetic nervous system what does the post-ganglionic neuron release and act on ?

A

Post-ganglionic neuron releases: Ach

Acts on: Muscarinic receptors

27
Q

What does the sympathetic input do to the eye ?

A

Alpha 1 receptors: contract the radial muscles- Dilate the pupil
Beta 2 receptors: Relax the ciliary muscles- see far awat

28
Q

Alpha 1 receptors do what to sooth muscle ?

A

Contract smooth muscle

29
Q

Beta 2 receptors do what to smooth muscle ?

A

Relax smooth muscle

30
Q

What does parasympathetic input do to the eye ? and what is this an example of ?

A

The sphincter and ciliary muscle both contract. This is an example of an antagonist action

31
Q

What does sympathetic input do to the heart ?

A

Beta 2 receptors act on the pacemaker cells and myocytes and increase HR and increase strength of contractions.

32
Q

What does parasympathetic input do the heart ?

A

Acts on the muscarinic receptors on the pacemaker cells to slow HR and has no effect on the strength of contractions.

33
Q

What effect does the sympathetic system have on the lungs ?

A

Beta 2 causes the airway to dilate

34
Q

What effect does the parasympathetic system have on the airway ?

A

Muscarinic receptors cause constriction of the airway

35
Q

What effects does the sympathetic system have on blood vessels ?

A

Alpha 1 contracts the smooth muscle and constricts blood flow
Beta 2 causes relaxation of the smooth muscle, increasing blood flow.

36
Q

What effects does the parasympathetic system have on the blood vessels ?

A

No effect

37
Q

What effects does the sympathetic system have on the gut ?

A

Alpha and beta decrease gut motility and alpha also inhibit pancreatic secretions

38
Q

What effect does the parasympathetic system have on the gut ?

A

Muscarinic receptors act to increase gut motility and increase pancreatic secretions

39
Q

What effect does the sympathetic system have on energy stores ? and what is this an example of ?

A

alpha/beta receptors on liver stimulates gluconeogenesis and alpha/beta receptors on fat cells increases lipolysis.

Since there is no innervation from the parasympathetic system in energy stores this is an example of single innervation.

40
Q

What effect does the sympathetic nervous system have on the salivary glands ?

A

Acts on beta receptors to produce thick saliva rich in enzymes

41
Q

What effects does the parasympathetic system have on the saliva glands ?

A

Muscarinic receptors produce watery secretions

42
Q

What effect does the sympathetic nervous system have on the bladder ?

A

Beta 2 receptors relax the bladder wall, allowing the pressure in the bladder to be reduced.
Alpha 1 receptors act on the sphincter muscles to inhibit urination.

43
Q

What effect does the parasympathetic input have on the bladder ?

A

Muscarinic receptors contract the bladder increasing the pressure within the bladder and relax the muscles around the sphincter allowing urination.

44
Q

What effect does the sympathetic system have on the reproductive system ?

A

Alpha 1 receptors contract the smooth muscle of the urethra causing ejaculation

45
Q

What effect does the parasympathetic system have on the reproductive system ?

A

Muscarinic receptors relax the smooth muscle of the penis causing an erection

Science for Medicine (18 decks)

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