Autonomic 1-2 Flashcards
What branch of the nervous system is in charge of involuntary actions ?
The autonomic nervous system
What branch of the nervous system is in charge of voluntary actions ?
The somatic nervous system
What are the two branches of the autonomic nervous system ?
The sympathetic nervous system and the parasympathetic nervous system
What kind of NMJ does the autonomic N.S. have ?
A less specialized NMJ than the parasympathetic N.S.
What kind of receptors are found at the autonomic NMJ ?
Metabotropic
The neurons from which nervous system branch can both excite and inhibit ?
The autonomic nervous system
What kind of NMJ does the somatic nervous system have ?
Specialized NMJ
What kind of receptors are found at the NMJ of the somatic nervous system ?
Inotropic
The neurons from which nervous system branch always excite its target ?
The somatic nervous system
What is the sympathetic nervous system known as ?
Fight or flight
What is the parasympathetic nervous system known as ?
Rest and Digest
Where on the spinal cord does the sympathetic nervous system flow from ?
Thoraco-lumbar
Where on the spinal cord does the parasympathetic nervous system flow from ?
Cranio-sacral
Where is the ganglia found in the sympathetic nervous system and what is this ganglia called ?
Close to the spinal cord
Para-vertebral ganglia
Where is the ganglia found in the parasympathetic nervous system and what is this ganglia called ?
Close to the target
Parasympathetic ganglia
What are the neurotransmitters released in the sympathetic nervous system ?
Acetylcholine and Nor-adrenaline (Adrenaline)
What are the receptors found within the sympathetic nervous system ?
Nicotinic and alpha and beta receptors
What receptors are found within the parasympathetic nervous system ?
Nicotinic and Muscarinic
What neurotransmitters are released in the parasympathetic nervous system ?
Acetylcholine only
What releases adrenaline into the blood stream when there is sympathetic input ?
The adrenal medulla
Acetylcholine acts on what kind of receptors ?
Cholinergic (Nicotinic and Muscarinic)
Nor-adrenaline acts on what kind of receptors ?
Adrenergic receptors (alpha and beta)
In the sympathetic nervous system what does the pre-ganglionic neuron release and act on ?
Pre-ganglionic neuron releases: Ach
Acts on: Nicotinic receptor
In the sympathetic nervous system what does the post-ganglionic neuron release and act on ?
Post-ganglionic neuron releases: Nor-adrenaline
Acts on: alpha or beta adrenergic receptors
In the parasympathetic nervous system what does the pre-ganglionic neuron release and act on ?
Pre-ganglionic neuron releases: Ach
Acts on: Nicotinic receptors
In the parasympathetic nervous system what does the post-ganglionic neuron release and act on ?
Post-ganglionic neuron releases: Ach
Acts on: Muscarinic receptors
What does the sympathetic input do to the eye ?
Alpha 1 receptors: contract the radial muscles- Dilate the pupil
Beta 2 receptors: Relax the ciliary muscles- see far awat
Alpha 1 receptors do what to sooth muscle ?
Contract smooth muscle
Beta 2 receptors do what to smooth muscle ?
Relax smooth muscle
What does parasympathetic input do to the eye ? and what is this an example of ?
The sphincter and ciliary muscle both contract. This is an example of an antagonist action
What does sympathetic input do to the heart ?
Beta 2 receptors act on the pacemaker cells and myocytes and increase HR and increase strength of contractions.
What does parasympathetic input do the heart ?
Acts on the muscarinic receptors on the pacemaker cells to slow HR and has no effect on the strength of contractions.
What effect does the sympathetic system have on the lungs ?
Beta 2 causes the airway to dilate
What effect does the parasympathetic system have on the airway ?
Muscarinic receptors cause constriction of the airway
What effects does the sympathetic system have on blood vessels ?
Alpha 1 contracts the smooth muscle and constricts blood flow
Beta 2 causes relaxation of the smooth muscle, increasing blood flow.
What effects does the parasympathetic system have on the blood vessels ?
No effect
What effects does the sympathetic system have on the gut ?
Alpha and beta decrease gut motility and alpha also inhibit pancreatic secretions
What effect does the parasympathetic system have on the gut ?
Muscarinic receptors act to increase gut motility and increase pancreatic secretions
What effect does the sympathetic system have on energy stores ? and what is this an example of ?
alpha/beta receptors on liver stimulates gluconeogenesis and alpha/beta receptors on fat cells increases lipolysis.
Since there is no innervation from the parasympathetic system in energy stores this is an example of single innervation.
What effect does the sympathetic nervous system have on the salivary glands ?
Acts on beta receptors to produce thick saliva rich in enzymes
What effects does the parasympathetic system have on the saliva glands ?
Muscarinic receptors produce watery secretions
What effect does the sympathetic nervous system have on the bladder ?
Beta 2 receptors relax the bladder wall, allowing the pressure in the bladder to be reduced.
Alpha 1 receptors act on the sphincter muscles to inhibit urination.
What effect does the parasympathetic input have on the bladder ?
Muscarinic receptors contract the bladder increasing the pressure within the bladder and relax the muscles around the sphincter allowing urination.
What effect does the sympathetic system have on the reproductive system ?
Alpha 1 receptors contract the smooth muscle of the urethra causing ejaculation
What effect does the parasympathetic system have on the reproductive system ?
Muscarinic receptors relax the smooth muscle of the penis causing an erection
