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Science for Medicine > Forces Acting Across Membranes > Flashcards

Forces Acting Across Membranes Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Describe the basic structure of the cell membrane

A 
Phospholipid bi-layer
Selectively permeable
Flexible and dynamic
Insulating
Provides binding sites
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2
Q

What can pass freely between the ECF and the ICF ?

A

Gasses, nutrients, waste and water

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3
Q

How is total body water (TBW) divided up between the ECF and ICF ?

A

ECF: 1/3
ICF: 2/3

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4
Q

What is the concentration of Na in the ECF compared to the ICF ?

A

Na is high in the ECF and low in the ICF

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5
Q

What is the concentration of K in the ECF compared to the ICF ?

A

K is low in the ECF and high in the ICF

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6
Q

Ions can pass freely between what two compartments ?

A

The plasma and the interstitial fluid

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7
Q

What are the three types of integral membrane proteins (IMP) ?

A

Receptors
Transporters
Enzymes

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8
Q

What is the function of receptors on the cell membrane ?

A

They transmit signals intracellularly

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9
Q

What are the two types of transporter that are found in the cell membrane ? and how do they function ?

A

Carrier proteins: Open to either ECF or ICF but not simultaneously.
Channel proteins: Allows passage of large molecules that cannot penetrate through diffusion.

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10
Q

What is the function of enzymes with a receptor region ?

A

The substrate binds to the receptor and an enzymatic reaction will occur within the cell

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11
Q

What type of protein is not integral to the cell membrane ?

A

Peripheral membrane proteins.

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12
Q

What is diffusion ?

A

When molecules move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration until the concentration is uniform throughout the volume.

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13
Q

What are the three criteria which a molecule must meet in order to diffuse through the cell membrane ?

A

Small
Lipophillic
Uncharged (Nonpolar)

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14
Q

What is the equation used to calculate net flux across a concentration gradient ?

A

F = kpA (C1-C2)

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15
Q

What are the three main types of protein channel ? and how do they allow passage of molecules ?

A

Ion channel: Remain closed until stimulated
Voltage gated channel: Require electrical stimuli
Ligand gated channel: Require a neurotransmitter or hormone to bind

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16
Q

Define electrochemical gradient

A

A combination of charge of the molecules and also the concentration gradient

17
Q

What two forms of transport across the membrane require ATP ?

A

Active transport and facilitated diffusion

18
Q

What is pumped in and out of the cell for 1 molecule of glucose ?

A

3Na are pumped out of the cell for 2 K ions pumped into the cell

19
Q

Define endocytosis

A

Where the cell creates a vesicle by invagination of a ligand or molecule and takes it into the cell.

20
Q

Define exocytosis

A

The opposite of endocytosis where particles are taken out of the cell and recycled or used as waste products

21
Q

Define osmolarity ?

A

The total number of particles in a solution

22
Q

Tonicity

A

The total number of non-penetrating particles in a solution

23
Q

What is the human plasma osmolarity ?

A

300 mOsmol/l

24
Q

What causes the change in cell volume ?

A

Tonicity

25
Q

Define isosmotic

A

Equal number of particles in solution as plasma

26
Q

Define Hyposmotic

A

Total amount of solutes is fewer

27
Q

Define Hyperosmotic

A

Total amount of solutes is greater

28
Q

Define Isotonic

A

Equal amount of non-penetrating particles as plasma

29
Q

Define hypotonic

A

Fewer number of non-penetrating ions

30
Q

Define hypertonic

A

Greater number of non-penetrating ions

31
Q

What is the osmolarity of 1M of glucose ?

A

1 osmol/l

32
Q

What is the osmolarity of 1M of NaCl ?

A

2 osmol/l

33
Q

Is urea a penetrating or non-penetrating particle ?

A

Penetrating

34
Q

What will happen to a RBC placed in a hyperosmotic urea solution ? not in vivo

A

swell and burst

Science for Medicine (18 decks)

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