Tectonics enq 2

Question 1

What is the hazard risk equation?

Answer 1

Hazard risk = hazard x vulnerability divided by capacity to cope

Question 2

What does the pressure releases model (PAR) model do?
What are the three professions of vulnerability within it

Answer 2

Helps look at the factors that create disasters
1. root causes
2. dynamic pressures
3. unsafe conditions

Question 3

What is risk

Answer 3

The probability of harm or loss taking place.

Question 4

What is vulnerability

Answer 4

The conditions determined by physical, social, economic and environmental factors or processes which increase the susceptibility of an individual, a community, assets or systems to the impacts of hazards.

Question 5

What do hazard profiles allow for

Answer 5

Countries to consider specific disasters and help distinguish patterns that might help them in the future.

Question 6

Name 4 factors that can increase a nations vulnerability in the South Pacific

Answer 6

• no mobile phone service in isolated islands - lack of communication
• weak governance
  -poverty
• limited safe areas to move to
• lack of investment in health care and sanitation
• low adaptive rates due to low educational attainment

Question 7

What is a multiple hazard zone?

Answer 7

The countries that are at risk often suffer from more than one hazard.

Question 8

2 examples of a multiple hazard zone

Answer 8

Philippines
Vanuatu

Question 9

Name three reasons why there is increased vulnerability in rapidly growing cities

Answer 9

• increased population density
• more people having to live on marginal land
• lack of suitable planning and governance

Question 10

Case study: Chile
what is chiles geographical, tectonic position

Answer 10

• sits between the nazca and south American plate within the ring of fire.
• the nazca plate subducts under the sa plate every year

Question 11

TRUE OR FALSE DOES CHILE HAVE A LONG HISTORY OF EARTHQUAKES

Answer 11

TRUE

Question 11

Case study: Chile
What did the 9.5M quake in 1960 and 2010 quake lead to.

Answer 11

A deeper cultural appreciation for strict building codes, consequently Chile has one of the most effective disaster relief insfrastructures

Question 12

Case Study: Chile
the event in 2015

Answer 12

8.4M
caused by a tsunami wave, water pushed debris through the town
9 killed

Question 13

Case Study: Chile
Preparation and response

Answer 13

Strict building codes only 6/6000 seriously damaged as all new buildings must be able to survive a 9M eq

Minimum of 7 evacuations each year

Mobile phone warning messages

Convoy of ambulances and firefighters

Question 14

Case Study: Chile
Why was Chile successful

Answer 14

AS THEY BUILT BACK BETTER

Question 15

Why is development not always the most important factor

Answer 15

As good and effective governance does not always involve coordination but involves strong political will that learns to develop and improve after each event