Globalisation enq 2

Question 1

What is global shift

Answer 1

The relocation of work, especially manufacturing from europe and North America to Asia, South America and Africa

Question 2

Name example of OUTSOURCING OF SERVICES

Answer 2

India, cities like Bangalore now have high quality internet and broadband. Indian workers typically paid less

Question 3

Name example of OUTSOURCING OF MANUFACTURING

Answer 3

China, access to abundant workforce, investment into high tech manufacturing, relaxed govt interference, investment into SEZ encourages FDI

Question 4

What challenge can global shift lead to for HICs

Answer 4

Deindustrialisation, loss of traditional industry brings about socio-economic issues, as companies relocate their manufacturing

Question 5

What five factors can deindustrialisation lead to

Answer 5

Depopulation
Dereliction
Increase in crime rates
Unemployment
Poverty

Question 6

What are three examples of where deindustrialization has occurred

Answer 6

• Middlesborough, previous ship-making
• Redcar, previous steel-works
  Manchester, was centre of industrial rev.

Question 7

What are two benefits of global shift to HIC’s

Answer 7

• tertiary and quaternary jobs provide high pay and better conditions than previous manufacturing jobs.
• consumers can receive cheaper goods

Question 8

What are the four costs of global shift to HIC’s

Answer 8

• unemployment, struggle to replace manufacturing jobs
• crime, poverty and lack of opportunities in switched off areas of HIC’s
• depopulation middle class will migrate away, collapsing local economy
• dereliction many towns become empty of people and lead to people not caring about their environment

Question 9

What are the four benefits of global shift to MIC’s and LIC’s

Answer 9

• poverty rates reduced - 600m people out of poverty in China due to work available , leads to a growing middle class
• literacy rates and education improvement - 3000 uni’s in China, highly skilled and educated workers
• infrastructure - investment has lead to growth of infrastructure such as motorways, railways etc.
• health - shared medical info has helped with diseases and viruses

Question 10

What are the four costs of global shift to MIC’s and LIC’s

Answer 10

• worker exploitation and work hours due to the race to the bottom this increasing inequality gap between poor and rich
• environment, mass urbanisation, deforestation and cash crops. This has become a growing issue in e-waste sites in Mexico, China and Ghana
• health, factors often have poor health and safety, increase in pollution due to industrialisation e.g. China hundreds of poisonings from chemicals used in iPhone touchscreens, 2013 Rana Plaza 1,134 dead in Bangladesh due to poor regs.
• new infrastructure can lead to a loss of recreation space and removal of local culture

Question 11

What are four ‘push’ factors that cause people to migrate

Answer 11

• to escape war, conflict and civil unrest
• unemployment
• lack of health and education
• fleeing persecution

Question 12

What are four ‘pull’ factors that cause people to migrate

Answer 12

• higher income jobs
• liberal laws and attitudes
• wealth and lifestyle
• family, cultural and language links

Question 13

What does migration mean

Answer 13

the movement of people over international borders

Question 14

Define emigrant

Answer 14

• someone who leaves

Question 15

Define immigrant

Answer 15

• someone who arrives

Question 16

What is an economic migrant

Answer 16

a person who migrates for work or to seek work to improve their economic position. (a flow of labour)

Question 17

What is a refugee

Answer 17

a person who is displaced, being forced out of their home potentially due to war, natural hazards or accidents
e.g. Syrian refugees escaping war

Question 18

What is an asylum seeker

Answer 18

a refugee who wishes to remain in another country permanently. This application in considered by the government and they can work and access services like education

Question 19

What has rural to urban migration contributed to the creation of

Answer 19

global hubs and megacities

Question 20

True or false, as of 2007, more people live in urban areas than rural

Answer 20

TRUE, this has been created by internal migration

Question 21

Define a global hub

Answer 21

A city with a significant amount and variance of flows. A city which has a global influence on economics, culture and migration e.g. London, New York

Question 22

Define a megacity

Answer 22

A city with more than 10m people. City boundaries are often disputed and sometimes consider the ‘greater’ region e.g. Tokyo, LA

Question 23

What are the two challenges of rural to urban migration

Answer 23

environmental sustainability
social sustainability

Question 24

Why is environmental sustainability a challenge to rural to urban migration

Answer 24

as the growth of unregulated industry can impact on river conditions and biodiversity

many cities have sewage issues where raw waste is dumped in LIC’s

Question 25

Why is social sustainability a challenge to rural to urban migration

Answer 25

rapid growth can lead to challenges to ensure housing, healthcare and education is provided.

As places become more popular, house prices rise and exclude low income people

Question 26

What are two types of international migration

Answer 26

elite international migration - highly skilled, their wealth comes from high pay professions or assets

low waged international migration - attracted to global hubs due to higher pay

Question 27

Benefits to host countries from migration

Answer 27

• fills labour shortages
• fills jobs locals don’t want
• migrants spend money - tax
  e.g. UK economy has benefitted by at least 4 billion pounds due to EU migration

Question 28

Benefits to source countries from migration

Answer 28

• remittance, money sent home by migrants
• eases housing and health pressures
• migrants learn skills and then return
  e.g. polish economy tripled since 2004 when they joined EU, partially this is due to people returning home with skills

Question 29

Costs to host countries from migration

Answer 29

• social tensions
• changes to character of place

Question 30

Costs to source countries from migration

Answer 30

• ‘brain drain’ loss of skilled workers
• mainly working age loss - tax
• loss of young services and culture

Question 31

Define global culture

Answer 31

The idea that people in different countries share experiences, norms and ideas that can often unite but also divide. There is also the idea of global culture integration and diffusion where culture are adapted and merged together

Question 32

What five factors does global culture include

Answer 32

• food - americanised food changes to global diet
• entertainment - mainly western American films, but growing influence by Asia e.g. Squid Game and K-pop
• fashion
• language - English dominant language
• TNC’s - shared experiences and products can lead to cultural homogenisation, same words, logos etc.

Question 33

What are 5 benefits of global culture

Answer 33

• more entertainment options
• more business opportunities and income
• shared technology
• shared healthcare
• changing values e.g. LGBT+

Question 34

What are 5 challenges of global culture

Answer 34

• loss of local culture and tradition
• environmental impacts
• growing rich and poor divide
• cultural imperialism
• TNC’s controlling culture

Question 35

What are two examples of anti-globalisers?

Answer 35

• Government - Bhutan small country between India and China, the last decade has seen increase in tourism and a challenge to traditions and language.
• NGO’s/ Individuals - Brexit voters - antiglobalisers