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Geography A Level🌏 > Globalisation enq 1 > Flashcards

Globalisation enq 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Define flows

A

connections between countries can be tangible(goods) or non tangible(ideas)

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2
Q

What has an increase in flows lead to

A

More interconnectedness and integration within the world

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3
Q

What is meant by the lengthening of connections

A

Between people and places with products sourced from further away e.g. Fiji water in UK

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4
Q

What is meant by the deepening of connections

A

Between people and places which now are in all aspects of our lives
e.g. films, food

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5
Q

What is meant by the faster speed of connections

A

People being able to talk to one another using Skype in real time or the faster speed of travel between countries using aeroplanes

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6
Q

What are the four examples of globalisation

A

socio-cultural
economic
environmental
political

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7
Q

Give three examples of economic globalisation

A

Imports and exports
aid and loans
brands and logos
growth of trade blocs
growth of tncs
stock market

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8
Q

Give three examples of political globalisation

A

intergovernmental decisions
war
conflict
foreign aid
trade deals

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9
Q

Give three examples of socio-cultural globalisation

A

films
sports
attitudes and values
migration
travel

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10
Q

Give two examples of environmental globalisation

A

targets for climate change
organisations working together on environmental issues

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11
Q

What are the 6 factors that have lead to a more globalised world

A
  • development of transport
  • development of finance networks
  • development of management and IT
  • growth in TNCS
  • growth in communications
  • agencies and ngo’s
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12
Q

What are the three political and economic groups that can impact globalisation

A

WTO
IMF
WORLD BANK

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13
Q

Ghana cocoa trade case study - the three factors that now dictate global cocoa prices

A
  • commodity traders, TNC’s and the future market guarantee supply, price and delivery date of the product months ahead
  • overseas tariffs force Ghana to export raw cocoa beans limiting extra income and employment
  • unequal power, WTO imposed joining condition that Ghanian farmers shouldn’t be subsidised. So Ghana can’t compete with imported and subsided Western foods.
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14
Q

What are two examples of the governmental impact on globalisation

A

Trading blocs and membership of IGO’s
- EU as a trade bloc
- OECD - IGO, organisation for economic cooperation and development

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15
Q

What are three factors in the role of national governments in global trade

A

TAX
TARIFF
QUOTA

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16
Q

Define tariff

A

a tariff is a tax imposed by one country on the goods and services imported from another country

17
Q

Define tax

A

a tax is levied by the government on the cost of some goods, services and transactions

18
Q

Define quota

A

a limit on the quantity of a particular product which can be imported

19
Q

What are five large-scale decisions the government can make and impose in the role of globalisation

A
  • Free market liberalisation
  • Privatisation
  • Business start ups and subsidies
  • SEZs
  • FDI
20
Q

Define free market liberalisation

A

A country ‘opening up’ to the rest of the world for trade and business e.g. Chinas shift from communism and open door policy

21
Q

Define privatisation

A

Transferring business from government to non government owned. This allows competition and can lead to cost increase and cuts to services. e.g. British rail was privatised in 1990s

22
Q

Define business start ups and subsidies

A

governments can offer loans, grants and tax incentives

23
Q

Define SEZ’s - special economic zones

A

areas with low tax rates and exemption from tariffs attracts investment

24
Q

Define FDI - foreign direct investment

A

capital flows from one country to another to construct physical capital such as a factory e.g. Tata Steel

25
Q

What is the concept of glocalisation

A

The idea of adapting a global product or brand to fit around local culture, laws and religions. e.g. Indian McDonalds

26
Q

What are the two ways to measure globalisation

A

the KOF index
the AT Kearney index

27
Q

Explain how the KOF index measures globalisation

A
  • economic globalisation measured by FDI, tariff rates, money flows
  • social globalisation measured by international telephone calls, tourists
  • political globalisation measured by IGO membership, trade and agreements with foreign countries
28
Q

What are the issues with the KOF index

A

it doesn’t consider international trade so large countries like the USA appear less globalised. Also uses outdated indicators and been accused of cultural bias

29
Q

Explain how the AT Kearney index measures globalisation

A

scored between 0-1
four categories
- economic - amount of trade, FDI
- Personal - travel, telephone
- Technological - internet users
- Political - influence in IGO’s, treaties

Geography A Level🌏 (22 decks)

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