Technician Drugs general questions Flashcards
Oxygen
Contra indication. Explosive environments
Rights of drugs administration
Right patient Right presentation Right Date Right drug Right dose Right route Right time Right reaction Right documentation
Salbutamol
Dose 2.5mg in 2.5mls Presentation exacerbation copd Expiratory wheeze Upper respiratory
Adrenaline 1:1000 Aspirin Glyceryl Trinitrate Glucagon Glucose Oral Gel Salbutamol Atrovent Narcan Paracetamol Suspension
Aspirin
•Has an anti-platelet action which reduces clot formation
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•Analgesic, anti-pyretic and anti-inflammatory
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•Used for adults with clinical or ECG evidence of myocardial infarction or ischaemia
Glyceryl Trinitrate
A potent vasodilator resulting in:
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•Dilation of coronary arteries/relief of coronary spasm
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•Dilation of systemic veins reulting in lowered pre-load
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•Reduced blood pressure
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•Indicated for cardiac chest pain and acute cardiogenic pulmonary oedema
Salbutamol
Indications
•Acute asthma when normal inhaler therapy has failed to relieve symptoms
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•Expiratory wheezing associated with allergy, anaphylaxis, other lower airway cause
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•Exacerbation of COPD
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•Shortness of breath due to LVF
Glucagon
•Glucagon is a hormone that induces conversion of glycogen to glucose in the liver, thereby raising the blood glucose level
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•Indicated for use in hypoglycaemia where blood glucose <4.0 mml/l or if hypoglycaemia suspected and oral glucose administration is not possible
Glucogel (Hypostop, Glucose 40% Gel)
•Rapid absorption through the buccal mucosa resulting in a rapid increase in blood glucose levels.
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•Indicated in hypoglycaemia in a patient with sufficient level of consciousness for there to be no risk of choking or aspiration
Narcan (Naloxone Hydrochloride
Indications
•Respiratory depression, depression of cardiovascular system and central nervous system depression associated with opioid overdose
Paracetamol
•Analgesic (pain relieving) and antipyretic (temperature reducing) drug.
•
•Indicated for relief of mild to moderate pain and/or high temperature
Ibuprofen
•Analgesic (pain relieving), antipyretic (temperature reducing) and anti-inflammatory (soft tissue injury) drug.
NSAIDS suppress pain, swelling and increased blood flow associated with inflammation
Nerve Agent Antidote Kit
•Organophosphate poisoning
Syringe 2
600mg Pralidoxime Chloride
Syringe 1
2mg Atropine Sulphate
Define the term Pharmacology
Pharmacology the science of the nature and preparation of drugs and particularly of their effects on the body. (Bailliere’s Nurse’s Dictionary 23rd ed.)
Drug Routes
The drug route used affects it’s time of onset
•
•
–Transdermal
–Oral
–Buccal/Sublingual
–Rectal (PR)
–Intramuscular/Subcutaneous
–Inhaled/nebulised
–Intranasal
–Intravenous
–Intraosseous
Pharmacokinetics
•what the body does to drugs
•
Pharmacodynamics
– what drugs do to the body
•Pharmacokinetics = what the body does to drugs
•
•It examines whether a drug is getting to its site of action through the processes of:
- Absorption
- Distribution
- Metabolism
- Excretion
Absorption
Whatever the route of administration, a drug must be absorbed across different cell membranes
Distribution
3 levels of distribution
. Blood. Total Body Water
. Extracellular Space
Metabolism
Most drugs are rendered inactive by metabolism which occurs, primarily, in the liver
Excretion
•Most excretion occurs through the kidneys
•
•Certain drugs are removed through other systems – lungs, alimentary canal, exocrine glands
4 main sites of drug action
1.Receptors (α, β, μ etc…)
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2.Enzymes
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3.Ion Channels
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4.Carriers
Receptors
- “Lock and Key”
- Drugs can be the same chemical shape as naturally occurring ligands
- They can act in three ways:
•
1.Agonist
Binds to receptors and produces an effect
2.Antagonist
Binds to receptors and stops an effect
3.Partial Agonist
Binds to receptors and produces a partial effect, but stops the binding of a “full agonist”
