skeleton/muscle Flashcards

1
Q

Directional terms

A

.Superior

  1. Inferior
  2. Anterior
  3. Posterior
  4. Medial
  5. Lateral
  6. Proximal
  7. Distal
  8. Superficial
  9. Deep
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2
Q

Functions of the Skeleton

A

support

protection

movement

storage of minerals

energy

blood cell production

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3
Q

Composition of Bone

A
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4
Q

Classification of Bone

•Identify the 5 classifications of bone and give examples of each

A
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5
Q

Structure of a Long Bone

A
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6
Q

Divisions of the Skeleton

A
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7
Q

Axial Skeleton

bones of skull

A
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8
Q

bones of the cranium

A

Cranium – 8 bones & Face – 14 bones

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9
Q

bones of the skull

A

Cranium – 8 bones:

  • Parietal (2)
  • Temporal (2)
  • Occipital
  • Frontal
  • Sphenoid
  • Ethmoid
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10
Q

Face - 14 bones:

A
  • Mandible
  • Maxilla (2)
  • Zygoma (2)
  • Nasal (2)
  • Lacrimal (2)
  • Palatine (2)
  • Inferior nasal conchae (2)
  • Vomer
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11
Q

Spine

A
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12
Q

Intervertebral Disc

A
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13
Q

Thoracic Cage

A

12 pairs of ribs

  • 7 pairs of true ribs
  • 5 pairs of false ribs

–2 pairs of which are floating ribs

•Afford protection to heart and lungs

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14
Q

Appendicular Skeleton

Types of Joint

A

1.Immovable or Fibrous – skull and pelvis

2.Slightly movable or Cartilaginous – symphysis pubis, intervertebral

3.Freely movable or Synovial – Elbow, hip and knee

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15
Q

Types of Synovial Joint

A

•Ball and Socket – hip, shoulder

•Hinge Joint – elbow, knee

•Gliding Joint – wrist, ankle

•Pivot Joint – radius, ulna

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16
Q

Ligaments, Tendons & Muscles

what do they do

A
17
Q

Muscle has 4 basic

characteristics:

A

1.Excitability – receive and respond to stimuli

●2.Contractility – shorten and thicken, or contract in response to stimuli

●3.Extensibility – can be stretched

●4.Elasticity – can return to original shape

18
Q

Movement

A

Skeletal muscles produce movement by exerting a force on tendons, which pull on bones or other structures. They do this by contracting, and since the two articulating bones do not generally move equally, the point of attachment of the muscle tendon to a bone that initiates movement is called the origin. The point of attachment to the other bone is called the insertion.

To produce movement, bones act as levers and joints as the fulcrum, the fixed point around which the lever (bone) can move. A lever is affected by two forces: the effort, which causes movement (the muscles), and the load,or resistance, which acts in opposition to the effort.

19
Q

Fractures and dislocation

which mnonic

A

Slipduct B

20
Q

Fractures and dislocation

mnonic stands for what

A
  • Swelling
  • Loss of function
  • Irregularities
  • Pain
  • Deformities
  • Unnatural movement
  • Crepitus
  • Tenderness
  • Bruising
21
Q

Spinal damage how to spot it

A
  • Paralysis
  • Paraesthesia
  • Incontinence
  • Displacement of vertebrae
  • Diaphragmatic breathing