skeleton/muscle Flashcards
Directional terms
.Superior
- Inferior
- Anterior
- Posterior
- Medial
- Lateral
- Proximal
- Distal
- Superficial
- Deep
Functions of the Skeleton
support
protection
movement
storage of minerals
energy
blood cell production
Composition of Bone
Classification of Bone
•Identify the 5 classifications of bone and give examples of each
Structure of a Long Bone
Divisions of the Skeleton
Axial Skeleton
bones of skull
bones of the cranium
Cranium – 8 bones & Face – 14 bones
bones of the skull
Cranium – 8 bones:
- Parietal (2)
- Temporal (2)
- Occipital
- Frontal
- Sphenoid
- Ethmoid
Face - 14 bones:
- Mandible
- Maxilla (2)
- Zygoma (2)
- Nasal (2)
- Lacrimal (2)
- Palatine (2)
- Inferior nasal conchae (2)
- Vomer
Spine
Intervertebral Disc
Thoracic Cage
12 pairs of ribs
- 7 pairs of true ribs
- 5 pairs of false ribs
–2 pairs of which are floating ribs
•Afford protection to heart and lungs
Appendicular Skeleton
Types of Joint
1.Immovable or Fibrous – skull and pelvis
●
2.Slightly movable or Cartilaginous – symphysis pubis, intervertebral
●
3.Freely movable or Synovial – Elbow, hip and knee
Types of Synovial Joint
•Ball and Socket – hip, shoulder
•
•Hinge Joint – elbow, knee
•
•Gliding Joint – wrist, ankle
•
•Pivot Joint – radius, ulna
Ligaments, Tendons & Muscles
what do they do
Muscle has 4 basic
characteristics:
•
1.Excitability – receive and respond to stimuli
●2.Contractility – shorten and thicken, or contract in response to stimuli
●3.Extensibility – can be stretched
●4.Elasticity – can return to original shape
Movement
Skeletal muscles produce movement by exerting a force on tendons, which pull on bones or other structures. They do this by contracting, and since the two articulating bones do not generally move equally, the point of attachment of the muscle tendon to a bone that initiates movement is called the origin. The point of attachment to the other bone is called the insertion.
To produce movement, bones act as levers and joints as the fulcrum, the fixed point around which the lever (bone) can move. A lever is affected by two forces: the effort, which causes movement (the muscles), and the load,or resistance, which acts in opposition to the effort.
Fractures and dislocation
which mnonic
Slipduct B
Fractures and dislocation
mnonic stands for what
- Swelling
- Loss of function
- Irregularities
- Pain
- Deformities
- Unnatural movement
- Crepitus
- Tenderness
- Bruising
Spinal damage how to spot it
- Paralysis
- Paraesthesia
- Incontinence
- Displacement of vertebrae
- Diaphragmatic breathing
