Respiratory conditions COPD

Question 1

COPD includes all diseases where pulmonary tissue causes obstruction to the free flow of air in the lungs –

Name Main Ones

Answer 1

Question 2

Bronchitis An inflammatory condition that affects the airways

Answer 2

Acute bronchitis (viral or bacterial) -common in young children and the elderly -is usually short lived In Chronic Bronchitis the bronchial mucous glands secrete excess mucous which the patient coughs up This can obstruct the airways Lung damage may eventually result in right heart failure, peripheral oedema and cyanosis

Question 3

Chronic Bronchitis what does the person look like signs symptoms

Answer 3

Blue Bloater (Oedema - ascites?)

Difficult inspiration & expiration

Productive cough

Hypoxic drive?

Question 4

Treatment for Chronic BronchitisAcute exacerbation

Answer 4

Oxygen = ? Oxygen

Alert Card – Target O2, Otherwise aim for SpO2 88% - 92%

Salbutamol Encourage coughing and collect sample of sputum

Assist ventilations if necessary

Question 5

Emphysema characterised by distension of the alveoli and destructive changes in their membranes what does the person look like

Answer 5

Lung tissues lose their elasticity and the airway loses it’s muscular integrity and collapses Air doesn’t enter the alveoli Hypoxia is the main respiratory stimulus but patients are not usually cyanotic

Question 6

Emphysema Signs and symptoms

Answer 6

Pink puffer

Usually thin

Usually maintains normal skin colour

Use of accessory muscles

Difficult exhalation

Pursed lips

Question 7

Emphysema Treatment

Answer 7

Oxygen = ? Oxygen

Alert Card – Target O2,

Otherwise aim for SpO2 88% - 92%

Salbutamol

Maintain Patient’s most comfortable position

Question 8

Pneumonia

Answer 8

Caused by either virus or bacteria People at risk – elderly – chronic illnesses Build up of fluid and pus to form areas of consolidation Productive cough – coloured sputum Treatment involves high oxygen concentrations

Question 9

Pulmonary Embolism

Answer 9

Question 10

Pulmonary Embolism

Possible Signs & symptoms:

Answer 10

Feelings of being breathless that come on suddenly with no apparent explanation

Pains in the chest when you inhale

Feeling faint

Coughing up blood-stained phlegm

Rapid pulse

Question 11

Pulmonary Embolism Treatment

Answer 11

Treatment:

High oxygen concentration

Be prepared for resuscitation