teaniea

Question 1

what are the factors of custicercosis

Answer 1

– 1. Poor sanitation, lack of latrines, inadequate fecal disposal facilities egg
ingestion & cysticercosis
– 2. Dietary habits -inadequate cooking of pork products containing cysticerci leads
to taeniasis
– 3. Open-air fecalism in rural areas - pigs consume human feces and over-time
build up a heavy load of cysticerci
– 4. Pigs deliberately placed in court yards to clean up human feces- same result as
open-air-fecalism

Question 1

cysticercosis is primarily in what

Answer 1

rural disease

Question 2

humans are what host of taenia

Answer 2

obligate definitive host for the afult tapeworm

Question 3

adult tapeworms physical characteristics

Answer 3

-7m
-make 1000 proglottids each with 500 eggs

Question 4

lil deets on scolex

Answer 4

Scolex ( 1mm) With suckers
and 2 rows of hooklets

Question 5

true or false: proglottids are hermaphrodite

Answer 5

yeah

Question 6

cestodes lack what

Answer 6

GI tract

Question 7

adults cestode live where

Answer 7

in small intestine

Question 8

Taenia tegument performs 3 functions:

Answer 8

• absorptive,
• excretory,
• digestive

Question 9

Tegument metabolically active:

Answer 9

impermeable to peptide, protein & macromolecule but it acquires nutrients by active transport, pinocytosis, diffusion

Question 10

Tegument microtriches /villi (~1um) - actively absorb….

Answer 10

amino acid, sugar, vitamin,
fatty acids

Question 11

OVUM characteristics

Answer 11

~ spherical, ~45 um ; brownish shell, contain
oncosphere; egg hardy; survive for months in
moist soil.

Question 12

ingestion of ova taenia causes

Answer 12

cyaticercosis

Question 13

Hatched oncosphere/hexacanth embryo;

Answer 13

30 um in diameter; 6 hooks + a pair of secretory glands open laterally; both facilitate oncosphere mucosal invasion

Question 14

3 modes of infection: of taenia

Answer 14

-egg ingestion: food/contaminated water
-autoinfection: finger to mouth
-reverse peristalsis of gut contents

Question 15

what is reverse peristalsis of gut content

Answer 15

eggs and proglottids from the small intestine forced into the stomach- pepsin, pancreatic trypsin and bile salt facilitate egg hatching- can cause massive `cysticercosis

Question 16

oncosphere anchors to what

Answer 16

intestinal mucosa, lyse enterocytes- enter blood vessels in lamina propria- enter portal circulation and peripheralize.

Question 17

Surrounding host tissue most likely determines what in cysticercus

Answer 17

histogenetic fate of the
sequestered oncosphere :

Question 18

what are the 2 histologic fates of cysterticus

Answer 18

• Cystic type of cysticercus develops in compact denser surroundings– muscle, sub-cutaneous tissues or brain parenchyma.
• Branched racemosus type cysticercus develops in open spaces: subarachnoid space or ventricles of the brain

Question 19

neurocysticercosis where?

Answer 19

1.parenchymal
2.meningeal
3.ventricular

Question 20

CYSTICERCUS LARVA: cystic type: oncosphere differenciates into

Answer 20

cystic form in dense tissues

Question 21

Cysticercus blocks host attack

Answer 21

Taeniaestatin & polysulfated
polysaccharides; block inflammatory cell
signaling & complement activation

Question 22

Intact tissue cysticerci induce

Answer 22

mild inflammation

Question 23

Ruptured cyst of cysticercus larvae

Answer 23

® release antigensinduce intense tissue inflammation®
tissue lysis & edema; cause clinical
symptoms, particularly in
Neurocysticercosis (NCC)

Question 24

PARENCHYMAL CYSTICERCOSIS: clinical symptoms depend on what

Answer 24

on the
number of cysticerci, their brain
location and viability:

Question 25

in cysticercosis: a few parenchymal cysts may go
undetected or may cause

Answer 25

partial/segmental localized
paralysis- drugs (PZQ,
albendazole+corticosteroid)

Question 26

in cysticercosis: Multiple parenchymal cystcompromise

Answer 26

CSF circulationincreased intracranial pressureNO treatment recommended

Question 27

Racemosus type: ventricular/meningeal

Answer 27

Oncospheres differentiate into
racemosus forms into hollow locales -
subarachnoid space or brain ventricles
* racemosus type- 6-10 cm in size, lacks
scolex, grows like a bunch of grapes;
cyst fluid higly inflammatory
* Incurable when located at the base of
the brain

Question 28

Non-Central Nervous System (CNS) cysticercosis

Answer 28

subcutaneous,
muscular etc: asymptomatic to mildly symptomatic

Question 29

cns involvment cysticercosis:

Answer 29

chill to life threathening

Question 30

Ventricular/meningeal racemosus cysticercosis:

Answer 30

you are fucked

Question 31

in cysticercosis: Ruptured cyst-antigen release cause:

Answer 31

exaggerated inflammation and liquefaction
necrosis in surrounding tissues:
– meningitis, ventricular accumulation of CSF - cause intracranial hypertension
(hydrocephalus), seizure, blindness

Question 32

Cysticercus at the base of brain- is generally

Answer 32

inoperable, with fatal
consequences within 5 years

Question 33

Immunocytochemistry of the brain lesion show localized inflammation around
damaged cysts: in cysticercosis which cells

Answer 33

γδT cells, MΦ, eosinophils, neutrophils, NK cells, type 1 cytokines

Question 34

diagnosis of cysticercosis

Answer 34

-combination of neuroimaging, serology and biopsy
-Computed tomography/magnetic resonance imaging:
– Detects space occupying lesions - cysticercosis included in the differential diagnosis along with tuberculoma, bacterial/fungal abscess/tumor
metastasis/congenital cysts
* Western blot, highly specific; a
10kDa recombinant cysticercus
antigen is in use in developing
countries to rule out other clinical
conditions.
C

Question 35

Adult Taenia: small intestine; can live up to 2 yrs. what happens usually

Answer 35

– infection invariably subclinical; rare diarrhea or weight loss
– gravid segments found in feces/perianal area-signals infection

Question 36

Ingestion of Taenia eggs by humans may lead to generalized or….

Answer 36

neurocysticercosis

Question 37

T. solium Mexican strain- …..; Asian strain mostly sub-….
cyticercosis.

Answer 37

-neurogenic
-sub-cutaneous

Question 38

treatment of cysticercosis

Answer 38

Cysticidal drugs: Praziquantel and Albendazole, mainly used against parenchymal cysts;