Lecture 3 Flashcards
how many cases of cutaneous leish
300 millions
how many cases of visceral leish
50 million cases
where are 50% of the visceral leish cases
mostly in bihar, nepal and bangladesh
true or false in an 100 years most of the cases of leish are still at the same spot
true
true or false: multiple amastigotes can infect the same macrophages
true
how many days does it take for a cycle of leishmania in the sandfly
8 days
true or false: it is the male sandfly that bites
false it is the female sandfly that bites cuz she needs the nutrients
how long does a sandfly lives
20 days
amastigotes first convert into the …. stage and rapidely multiply in the midgut
procyclic
procyclic converts to the … stage then to … in the thoracic midgut
nectomonad and leptomonad
leptomonads convert to…. that are the human infective stage and takes….. days
metacyclics and takes about 6-8 days
how does the sandfly gets the blood
-when it bites it chops the skin to draw the blood out
-then it secretes the amastigotes there
true or false leish only infects macrophages
false it also infects neutrophils
the leish cutaneous lesions are caused by what
the immune response
true or false: cutaneous leish only replicates in the macrophages
true
true or false: the dermis is full of immune cells
true
in visceral leish: the amastigotes leave the skin and enters the macrophages of…..
visceral organs like the bone marrow, liver and spleen
leishmania has how many chromosomes and how many genes
36 chr and 8000 genes
true or false: in leish there are blocks of genes on one strand of dna and then other blocks on the other
true
true or false: each genes in leish habe their own promotors
false leish has very few promotors, most genes are regulated by one promotor
what is the class of leish
kinetoplastids
what is the genus of leish
-leishmania and trypanosomes
true or false: leishmania strains all have the same genes
true
-the difference between the diseases are because some genes are pseudognes
which country has ld that causes cutaneous leish
sri lanka
why was Ld causing cutaneous leish in sri lanka
-host genetic differences: decreases susceptibility to visceral disease
-parasite genetic differences: decreased virulence for visceral infection
what makes a leish hybrid
-when a sandfly gets a meal from someone infected with visceral and another infected with cutaneous
true or false: hybrids typically result in cutenous leish
true
how many genes in Ld
83
which drug is used to treat cutaneous leish
pentavalent antimony
pentavalent antimony was used for which diseases
-syphilis
-trypanosomiasis
-visceral leish
true or false: antimony is quite toxic
true
what is the chemical sign for antomony
sb
true or false: antimony is a heavy metal
true
what produces a dark blue color (oxidized) first used as a cosmetic ancient egypt/india
antimony
who won the nobel prize in 1908 and why
paul ehrlich because he showed that antomony could be used to treat syphilis/trypanosomiasis and leishmaniasis
