Lecture 3 Flashcards

1
Q

how many cases of cutaneous leish

A

300 millions

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2
Q

how many cases of visceral leish

A

50 million cases

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3
Q

where are 50% of the visceral leish cases

A

mostly in bihar, nepal and bangladesh

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4
Q

true or false in an 100 years most of the cases of leish are still at the same spot

A

true

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5
Q

true or false: multiple amastigotes can infect the same macrophages

A

true

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6
Q

how many days does it take for a cycle of leishmania in the sandfly

A

8 days

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7
Q

true or false: it is the male sandfly that bites

A

false it is the female sandfly that bites cuz she needs the nutrients

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8
Q

how long does a sandfly lives

A

20 days

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9
Q

amastigotes first convert into the …. stage and rapidely multiply in the midgut

A

procyclic

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10
Q

procyclic converts to the … stage then to … in the thoracic midgut

A

nectomonad and leptomonad

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11
Q

leptomonads convert to…. that are the human infective stage and takes….. days

A

metacyclics and takes about 6-8 days

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12
Q

how does the sandfly gets the blood

A

-when it bites it chops the skin to draw the blood out
-then it secretes the amastigotes there

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13
Q

true or false leish only infects macrophages

A

false it also infects neutrophils

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14
Q

the leish cutaneous lesions are caused by what

A

the immune response

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15
Q

true or false: cutaneous leish only replicates in the macrophages

A

true

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16
Q

true or false: the dermis is full of immune cells

A

true

17
Q

in visceral leish: the amastigotes leave the skin and enters the macrophages of…..

A

visceral organs like the bone marrow, liver and spleen

18
Q

leishmania has how many chromosomes and how many genes

A

36 chr and 8000 genes

19
Q

true or false: in leish there are blocks of genes on one strand of dna and then other blocks on the other

A

true

20
Q

true or false: each genes in leish habe their own promotors

A

false leish has very few promotors, most genes are regulated by one promotor

21
Q

what is the class of leish

A

kinetoplastids

22
Q

what is the genus of leish

A

-leishmania and trypanosomes

23
Q

true or false: leishmania strains all have the same genes

A

true
-the difference between the diseases are because some genes are pseudognes

24
Q

which country has ld that causes cutaneous leish

A

sri lanka

25
Q

why was Ld causing cutaneous leish in sri lanka

A

-host genetic differences: decreases susceptibility to visceral disease
-parasite genetic differences: decreased virulence for visceral infection

26
Q

what makes a leish hybrid

A

-when a sandfly gets a meal from someone infected with visceral and another infected with cutaneous

27
Q

true or false: hybrids typically result in cutenous leish

A

true

28
Q

how many genes in Ld

A

83

29
Q

which drug is used to treat cutaneous leish

A

pentavalent antimony

30
Q

pentavalent antimony was used for which diseases

A

-syphilis
-trypanosomiasis
-visceral leish

31
Q

true or false: antimony is quite toxic

A

true

32
Q

what is the chemical sign for antomony

A

sb

33
Q

true or false: antimony is a heavy metal

A

true

34
Q

what produces a dark blue color (oxidized) first used as a cosmetic ancient egypt/india

A

antimony

35
Q

who won the nobel prize in 1908 and why

A

paul ehrlich because he showed that antomony could be used to treat syphilis/trypanosomiasis and leishmaniasis

36
Q
A