Lecture 6

Question 1

why does plasmodium does not wanna get into the spleen

Answer 1

because ut has a lot of macrophages that will kill the infected rbcs

Question 2

what is the role of pfemp1 or pfp proteins

Answer 2

they are on the surface of infected rbcs and they help sticking to endothelial cells that line the blood vessels

Question 3

what does pfps bind to on platelets and what does it cause

Answer 3

cr1 and causes cerebral malaria, metabolic acidosis and high mortality

Question 4

what do pfps bind to on the cerebral microvascular endothelium

Answer 4

icam-1
causes cerebral malaria, metabolic acidosis and high mortality

Question 5

what do pfps bind to on the placental microvascular endothelium and what does it cause

Answer 5

csa
causes low birth weight, prematurity and death of fetus

Question 6

what do pfps bind to on the endothelium and what does it cause

Answer 6

cd36 and causes mild malaria

Question 7

pfemp1 mediated rbc binding causes what

Answer 7

rosetting aka the cells stick to eachother and bind to uninfected cells and endothelial cytoadherence
-vascular obstruction causes hypoxia

Question 8

hypoxia is caused by what and causes what

Answer 8

-caused by lack of oxygen resulting in anaerobic glycolysis and lactic acid buildup
-this can cause anemia, cerebral malaria and metabolic acidosis

Question 9

why are antibodies unable to neutralize pfemp1 surface proteins

Answer 9

-over 60 var genes encode for multiple pfemp1 surface proteins
-only 1-2 are expressed at the same time and when antibodies are made against them, the parasite switches to other genes

Question 10

true or false: var genes encoding pfemp1 are specific to p falcipum

Answer 10

true

Question 11

where are the var genes encoding for pfemp1

Answer 11

close to the telomers

Question 12

true or false: everyone has the same susceptibility to malaria

Answer 12

-false depends on your age and if you are living in a region where malaria is endemic
-kids below 5 are the most affected because their body can’t make as much antibodies against pfps
-as you grow older you can also get partial immunity aka they still get disease but your body uses the previously made antibodies
-older peeps get asymptomatic infections due to the build up of antobodies made

Question 13

what is premunition

Answer 13

naturally

Question 14

what does rifin does

Answer 14

-ninds to leucocyte immunoglobulin like receptor B1
-supresses nk cells because it inhibits adcc
-also binds to the same receptor on b cells which reduces the production of antibodies

Question 15

what does stevor do

Answer 15

causes rosetting between infected and non infected rbs

Question 16

how was trypanosoma brucei discovered

Answer 16

colonizers were trying to bring animals to africa and they kept dying
-brucei looked under the microscope

Question 17

trypanosomes come from what name

Answer 17

trypano: screw like
soma: body

Question 18

what are the main 2 stages of a trypanosoma brucei infection

Answer 18

-swelling of the cervical lymph node: present in blood
-lethargy, confusion and fatal: present in cns

Question 19

what is the vector of trypanosome brucei

Answer 19

tsetse fly

Question 20

what is the difference between trypomastigote and epimastigote

Answer 20

trypomastigote is from when the tsetse fly gets the blood meal, someone is infected, blood is taken back
-epimastigote is when the trypomastigote leaves the midgut and transforms

Question 21

brucei rhodesiense infects what and where is it

Answer 21

cattle and humans and is in esat africa
5%

Question 22

brucei gambiense infects what and where it is

Answer 22

only humans, west africa and is 95%

Question 23

treatment of stage 1 brucei

Answer 23

pentamidine

Question 24

stage 2 tratment brucie

Answer 24

melarsoprol

Question 25

stage 1-2 treatment brucei

Answer 25

fexinadazole which just got approved