Lecture 1 Flashcards
what are protists
single cells organisms
what are nematodes
multicellular organosms
true or false: parasites are only from nematodes
false they are also protists
where are the homo sapiens from and when were they
-85k years ago
-east africa w
when did humans switch to agriculture
15k years ago
why did the majority of infectuous diseases showed up when we did the switch to agriculture
-we were getting closer to each other
-we started domesticating animals
where is the agriculture switch from
old world
what is the animal that was domesticated in the new world which did not transmit any disease
the llama
true or false it is these domesticated animals that transmitted viruses and bacteria to other
truemeasles, mumps, rotavirus, smallpox, tuberculosis, influenza A an the plague
when did europeans fucked up the new worls
500 years ago and they brought smallpox and measles and influenZA
WHAT ARE THE 5 STAGES TO evolution of animal pathogens
-animal-animal
-animal-human: rabies
-animal-human-human but like a bit: ebola
-animal-human-human a lot like dengue
-human-human: hiv
what are zoonotic infection
stages 2,3, 4 aka the pathogen has an animal reservoir
what are anthroponotic infection
humans are the reservoir aka stage 5
what is the r value and what does it mean
-rate of transmission from human to human
-r>1: infection will spread
-r<1: infection will die
what is the most and least infective viruses
-most: measles
-least: rabies, sars
factors supporting the transition of a pathogen from animal to human
-high number of close encouters ex: avian influenza virus from infected , sars cov 1 with civet cats
-similar physiology ex: close to a monkey like hiv, dengue, yellow fever and zika
where is hiv from and from what
-chimps
-from dia in 1960 which travelled to leopoldville in congo
what transmits malaria
mosquitoes aka anopheles
true or false: parasites are from tropical diseases
true
most tropical disease are from which tyoe of vector:
insects
true or false: most tropical disease are vector born……
chronic with little long lasting immunity
true or false: many tropical disease have animal reservoirs
true
true or false: most temperate diseases are not from insects
true
name viruses that are temperate but have insect vectors:
plague and tyohus
true or false: tropical diseases more commonly involve animal reservoirs compared to tropical
true
true or false: temperate diseases often have person to person transmission compared to tropical
true
true or false: temperate disease more often result in short lasting immunity compared to tropical disease
false it is long lasting immunity
true or false: more stage 5 in tropical disease than temperate
false it is more in temperate
vaccines are available against all temperate diseases except what
syphilis
