Lecture 1

Question 1

what are protists

Answer 1

single cells organisms

Question 2

what are nematodes

Answer 2

multicellular organosms

Question 3

true or false: parasites are only from nematodes

Answer 3

false they are also protists

Question 4

where are the homo sapiens from and when were they

Answer 4

-85k years ago
-east africa w

Question 5

when did humans switch to agriculture

Answer 5

15k years ago

Question 6

why did the majority of infectuous diseases showed up when we did the switch to agriculture

Answer 6

-we were getting closer to each other
-we started domesticating animals

Question 7

where is the agriculture switch from

Answer 7

old world

Question 8

what is the animal that was domesticated in the new world which did not transmit any disease

Answer 8

the llama

Question 8

true or false it is these domesticated animals that transmitted viruses and bacteria to other

Answer 8

truemeasles, mumps, rotavirus, smallpox, tuberculosis, influenza A an the plague

Question 9

when did europeans fucked up the new worls

Answer 9

500 years ago and they brought smallpox and measles and influenZA

Question 10

WHAT ARE THE 5 STAGES TO evolution of animal pathogens

Answer 10

-animal-animal
-animal-human: rabies
-animal-human-human but like a bit: ebola
-animal-human-human a lot like dengue
-human-human: hiv

Question 11

what are zoonotic infection

Answer 11

stages 2,3, 4 aka the pathogen has an animal reservoir

Question 11

what are anthroponotic infection

Answer 11

humans are the reservoir aka stage 5

Question 12

what is the r value and what does it mean

Answer 12

-rate of transmission from human to human
-r>1: infection will spread
-r<1: infection will die

Question 13

what is the most and least infective viruses

Answer 13

-most: measles
-least: rabies, sars

Question 14

factors supporting the transition of a pathogen from animal to human

Answer 14

-high number of close encouters ex: avian influenza virus from infected , sars cov 1 with civet cats
-similar physiology ex: close to a monkey like hiv, dengue, yellow fever and zika

Question 15

where is hiv from and from what

Answer 15

-chimps
-from dia in 1960 which travelled to leopoldville in congo

Question 16

what transmits malaria

Answer 16

mosquitoes aka anopheles

Question 17

true or false: parasites are from tropical diseases

Answer 17

true

Question 18

most tropical disease are from which tyoe of vector:

Answer 18

insects

Question 19

true or false: most tropical disease are vector born……

Answer 19

chronic with little long lasting immunity

Question 20

true or false: many tropical disease have animal reservoirs

Answer 20

true

Question 21

true or false: most temperate diseases are not from insects

Answer 21

true

Question 22

name viruses that are temperate but have insect vectors:

Answer 22

plague and tyohus

Question 23

true or false: tropical diseases more commonly involve animal reservoirs compared to tropical

Answer 23

true

Question 24

true or false: temperate diseases often have person to person transmission compared to tropical

Answer 24

true

Question 25

true or false: temperate disease more often result in short lasting immunity compared to tropical disease

Answer 25

false it is long lasting immunity

Question 26

true or false: more stage 5 in tropical disease than temperate

Answer 26

false it is more in temperate

Question 27

vaccines are available against all temperate diseases except what

Answer 27

syphilis