TCC Flashcards
Cerf et al. 2012. Palliative ultrasound guided endoscopic diode laser ablation of transitional cell carcinoma of the lower urinary tract in dogs
MST?
Difference in survival with urethal involvement?
Complications?
380 days
No
Strangurina, hematuria, stenosis of the custourethral junctions, spread of TCC within the lower urinary tract, spread to the urethrosotmy site, urethral perforation, and bacterial cystitis
de Brito et al. 2012. Effects of gemcitabine and gemcitabine in combination with carboplatin on 5 canine TCC cell lines
Treatment with gemcitabine or carboplatin decreased cell proliferation, increased apoptosis, and induced cell cycle arrest
Cell cycle arrest and apoptosis increased with carboplatin and gemcitabine
Combination effects were synergistic in 3/5 cell lines and additive in other 2
Reed et al. Cutaneous metastasis of TCC in 12 dogs
Cutaneous lesions were detected at mean of 123 days after diagnosis of primary TCC and appeared as plaques, nodules, papules
Of the 8 dogs with dermal TCC, 5 had epidermal erosin or ulceration
10 dogs, TCC was detected in cutaneous lymphatic vessels, identified by reactivity to ProxI
Metastasis also dected in LNs in all dogs and at distant noncutaneous sites, usually the lungs, in 10 dogs
Mean survival after diagnosis was 162 days
Despite treatement in 10 dogs, remission was not achieved, 4 dogs had SD
Naughton et al. Accuracy of 3-D and 2-D ultrasonography for measurement of tumor volume in dogs with TCC of the urinary bladder
No significant difference in tumor volume obtained via 3D ultrasonography at different degrees of bladder distension
Excellent agreement between tumor volumve measurement with 3D and CT, but not with 2D and CT
Dhawan et al. Targeting folate receptors to treat invaive urinary bladder cancer
Blackburn et al. 2013. Evaluation of outcome following urethral stent placement for the treatment of obstructive carcinoma of the urethra in dogs: 42 cases
Self expanding metallic stent (SEMS)
Resolution of obstruction was achieved in?
Complications after SEMS?
MST after SEMS?
Treatment with NSAIDs before and chemotherapeutics after SMAS increased MST to 251 days
26% developed incontinence
98%
6/23 male and 5/19 female developed severe incontinence and 1/23 and 1/17 female developed stranguria
78 days
Knapp et al. Randomized trial of cisplatin versus firocoxib vs. firocoxib/cisplatin in dogs with TCC of the urinary bladder
Remission rate with cisplatin/firocoxib? cisplatin?
Renal and GI toxicity common in dogs receicing cisplatin
Firocoxib alone induced PR or SD in?
57%, 13%
20% and 33%
Robat et al. Retrospective evaluation of doxorubicin-piroxicam combination for the treatment of TCC in dogs
34 dogs
50% of dogs had surgery
PR?SD? PD?
PFS?
MST?
Cytoreductive surgey did not prolong PFS but significantly prolonged OS
9%, 60.5%, 30.5%
103 days
168 days (~ 6 mo)
Higuchi et al. Characterization and treatment of TCC of the abdominal wall
24 dogs with TCC and confirmation of ABWTCC (abdominal wall TCC)
Uroplakin III expression in primary tumors and ABWTCC?
TCC in the abdominal wasll developed significantly more often in dogs that had undergone ___% than those that had not ___%
18 dogs that received drugs did not have remission of ABWTCC
MST after detection of ABWTCC?
19/20 and 17/17
cytotomy 10%, 1.6%
57 days (2 mo)
Cekanova et al. 2013. Molecular imaging of COX-2 in canine TCC in vitro and in vivo
Flourocoxib A selectively bound COX-2 expressing primary K9TCC cells in vitro, COX-2 expressing K9TCC xenografts in nude mice, and heterogenoeus canine TCC during cystoscopy in vivo
Schrempp et al. 2013. Metronomic administration of chlorambucil for the treatment of dogs with urinary bladder TCC
31 dogs with TCC for which prior treatment had failed or declined
CHB 4 mg/m2 PO q24h
PR? SD? PD?
PFI?
MST?
3%, 67%, 30%
119 days (4 mo)
221 days (7.4 mo)
Hanazono et al. Ultrasonographic findings related to prognosis in canine TCC
Determine if US could predict bladder wall involvement
22 TCC and 5 polypoid cystitis
Wall involvement revealed by US was significantly associated with ___ with sensitivity of __% and specificity __%
What factors were associated with shorter survival times?
Histological muscular layer involvement, 93% and 92%
US wall invovlement, heterogenoeus mass, and trigone location
Hanazono et al. 2016. Immunohistochemical expression of p63, ki67, and B-catenin in canine TCC and polypoid cystitis of the urinary bladder
The staining score os p63 and B-catenin in TCC were significantly ___ than normal bladder and polypod cystitis
Ki67 in TCC were significantly ___ than those in normal urinary blader and polypoid cystitis
In TCC, low p63 expression was significantly related to presence of _____ and ______, and ___
p63 could be reliable marker for predicting prognosis in canine TCC
Lower
Higher
vessel invasion, metastasis, short survival time
Kaye et al. Vinorelbine rescue therapy for dogs with primary urinary bladder carcinoma
Vinorelbine 15 mg/m2 was adminitered along with oral anti-inflammatory drugs
PR? SD?
Subjective improvement in clinical signs were noted in?
Median TTP?
MST?
Median survival for the 13 pretreated dogs?
14%, 57%,
78%
93 days
187 days
207 days
Sledge et al. Differences in expression of uroplakin II, cytokeratin 7, and Cox-2 in canine proliferative urothelial lesions of the urinary bladder
Significant association between tumor classification and overall UPIII staining patter, loss of UPIII, overall CK7 pattern, and COX2 pattern
Significant association between dept of neoplastic cell infiltration into the urinary bladder and overall UPIII pattern, loss of UPIII, overall CK7 pattern, loss of CK7 expression, and COX2 pattern
Nieset et al. 2014 Comparison of adaptive radiotherapy techniques for external radiation therapy of canine bladder cancer
Irradiated rectal volvumes decreased and irradiated bladder volume increased as plan conformality increased.
ART provided the greatest rectal sparing, with lowest irradiated rectal volume, and largest bladder volume receiving 95% of the prescription dose.
Adaptive radiotherapy showed significant reduction in rectal volume irradiated when compared to nonadaptive techniques
Hanazono et al. 2014. Epidermal growth factor receptor expression in canine TCC
EGFR protein expression was significantly higher in TCC than in normal bladder and polypoid cystits
High EGFR protein expression was signifcantly associated with TCC with sensitivity of 72% and specificity of 100%
Positive correlationg between mRNA and protein expression in TCC
EGFR could be used as a marker to help canine TCC diagnosis
Saeki et al. Total cystectomy and subsequent urinary diversion to the prepuce or vagina in dogs with TCC of the trigone area: A report of 10 cases
What were the observed complications?
MST?
Dehiscence of urethrostomy (2), pyelonephritis (3), oliguria (2), azotemia (1), and urethral obstruction (1)
385 days
Allstadt et al. Randomized phase III trial of piroxicam in combination with mitoxantrone or carboplatin for first-line treatment of urogenital tract transitional cell carcinoma in dogs
24 dogs mito + piroxicam and 26 carbo + piroxicam
Response between groups?
Mitoxantrone group - PR? SD?
Caboplatin group - PR? SD?
PFI between mito and carbo?
Dogs with prostatic involvement? Dogs with urethral, trigonal, or apical tumors?
Not different
8%, 69%
13%, 54%
Not diffrent - 106 days vs. 73.5 days
Shorter survival - 109 days
200, 190, 645 days
Decker et al. Homologous mutation to human BRAF V600E is common in naturally occuring canine bladder cancer - evidence for a relevant model system and urine-based diagnostic test
All tumors harbored somatic mutation that is homologies to the human BRAF(V600E) mutation, and an identical mutation was present in ___% of 62 additional canine InvTCC tumor
Canine activating BRAF mutation stimulate the MAPK pathway
Cell lines with mutation have elevated pMEK
This effect can be diminished with vemurafenib
87%
Yamazaki et al. 2015. siRNA knockdown of the DEK nuclear protein mRNA enhances apoptosis and chemosensitivity of canine TCC cells
DEK is a nuclear protein overexpressed in several types of human bladder cancer - chromatin reconstruction, gene trasncription, apoptosis
DEK mRNA was relatively high in canine TCC cells and expression of DEK protein was significantly greater in TCC tumors compared to other tissue samples
After transfection with DEK-siRNA, apoptosis, cell growth inhbited, and enhanced sensitivity to carboplatin was observed
DEK could be a potential therapeutic target in canine TCC
Culp et al. 2015. Early tumor response to intrarterial or intravenous administration of carboplatin to treat naturally occuring lower urinary tract carcinoma in dogs
Lower urinary tract neoplasia treated with either IVC (15) or IAC (11) - femoral or carotid artery used for IAC
The ___ group was significantly more likely to have tumor response
Dogs in the IAC group were significantly less like to develop __, ___, and ___
IAC
Anemia, lethargy, anorexia
Budreckis et al. 2015. Bacterial urinary tract infections associated with TCC in dogs
85 dogs with TCC
How many had atleast 1 positive culture?
Incidence of positive culture in female and male dogs?
US revealed female dogs were more likely to have ___ or ____ tumor involvement compared to male dogs
Most common organisms were?
Dogs with urethral involvement were significantly more likely to have at least 1 positive culture than without urethral involvement (75% vs. 30%)
55%
80% and 29%
urethral (74%), trigonal tumor involvement (71%), 32% and 43%
Staphylococcus app. (24%) and E. coli (20%)
Gustafson et al. Hedgehog signaling is activated in canine TCC and contributes to cell proliferation and survival
HH pathway mediators were expressed in 5 canine TCC cell lines
Indian HH was expressed in tumor cells in 5 canine bladder tumor tissues, but not normal canine bladder tissue
Inhibition of HH signaling with GANT61 led to significantly decreased cell proliferation but had smaller effect of apoptosis
