STS

Question 1

de Queiroz et al. 2013. Serum VEGF in dogs with soft tissue sarcomas

25 dogs with STS and 30 healthy dogs

Serum VEGF was ___ in control animals and STS patients

____ in serum VEGF after sarcoma resection

Positive correlation between serum VEGF and ____, and negative correlation between VEGF and _____

Animals with ____ had higher VEGF compared to malignant peripheral nerve sheath

VEGF may play a role in angiogenesis

Answer 1

Similar

Reduction

Neutrophils counts, hemoglobin content

Hemangiopericytoma

Question 2

Guth et al. Liposomal clodronate treatment for tumor macrophages in dogs with STS

Tumor-associated macrophages correlate with rapid tumor growth and metastasis

13 dogs with STS

Tumor biopsies from ___ of the 13 dogs showed that ____ macrophages were decreased after LC treatment

Circulating concentration of __ was significantly reduced

Answer 2

5/14, CD11b+

IL-8

Question 3

Bray et al. 2014. Canine STS managed in first opinion practice: outcome in 350 cases

MST was not reached with 70% proportional survival at ____

Local recurence developed in ___ cases

The ____ was not associated with improved survival or _____

What factors were associated with improved suvival?

On multivaraiate analysis, ___ was significant for recurrence

Evidence of selection bias toward less aggressive tumors being managed in practice was confirmed

Answer 3

5 years

21%

Extent of resection or tumor recurrence

Age <8, tumor <5cm, discrete tumor

high grade

Question 4

Perry et al. 2014. Diagnostic accuracy of pre-treatment biopsy for grading STS in dogs

The concordance in grade between excisional and pre-treatment biopies was ___

Of the 41% that lacked concordance, __ of pre-treatment biopsies underestimated and ____ overestimated grade

The method of pre-treatment biopsies did not effect grade concordance

Needle-core biopsy appears similar in accuracy to open biopsy, however grading by pre-treeatment biopsy should be interpreted with caution

Answer 4

59%

29%, 12%

Question 5

Prpich et al. 2014. Second intention healing after wide local excision of STS in the distal aspects of the limbs in dogs: 31 cases

31 dogs with STS that underwent second intention healing following wide local excision - 2cm lateral and 1 fascial plane deep

____ wound healed completely by second intention, median of ___days

__ dogs required skin grafts

Complication developed for ___?

Long term complications?

Local tumor recurrence ___%

Median follow up time?

Answer 5

94%, median 53 days

7%

23%

26% - epidermal disruption (16%), wound contracture (10%)

3.2%

980 days (2.8 yr)

Question 6

Onoyama et al. 2014. Photodynamic hyperthermal chemotherapy with indocyanine green: a novel cancer therapy for 16 cases of malignant soft tissue sarcoma

10 canines and 6 felines - treatment with triple therapy PDT, hyperthermia using indocyanine green and local chemotherapy after surgical resection (PHCT)

Surgical margin was insufficient in all cases

No side effects were seen

Disease recurrence?

PHCT decreased the risk of STS recurrence

Answer 6

No recurrence in 70% of dogs and 50% cats ranged from 238 (8 mo) to 1901 days (63 mo)

Question 7

Simeonov et al. 2015. Quantitative morphology in canine cutaneous soft tissue sarcomas

Question 8

Macfarlane et al. 2016. Diagnostic value of neutrophil-lymphocyte and albumin-globulin ratios in canine STS

Dogs with STS, NLR was significantly ___ and albumin to globulin ratio ___ compared to benign STS

Predictors of tumor grade?

Answer 8

increased, decreased

Neither were predictors of tumor grade

Question 9

Expression of fibroblast growth factor 23 by canine soft tissue sarcomas

Tumor-induced osteomalacia is a paraneoplastic syndrome of humans

Some mesenchymal tumors express molecules that regulate phosphorus metabolism - FGF-23

Where was FGF-23 detected?

How many of sarcomas expressed FGF-23?

Further work needed to see if TIO occurs in dogs

Answer 9

Bone, lung, kidney, LN, and thymus

31%

Question 10

Avallone et al. 2015. Growth factors and COX2 expression in canine perivascular tumors

Expression of VEGF, PDGF, bFGF in PWTs?

Expression of TGF-B1 and COX2?

Association between VEGF and VEGFR-I/II, bFGF and Flg, bFGF and PDGFRB and between TGFB1 and COX2

No association with Ki67 was found

Answer 10

68%, 75%, 48%

10% and 35%

Question 11

Avallone et al. 2016. Histological classification and immunohistochemical evaluation of MDM2 and CDK4 expression in canine liposarcoma

Of the 24 well-differentiated liposarcoma (WDL), how many expressed MDM2 and CDK4?

7 myxoid liposarcoma (ML), expression?

18 pleiomorphic lipoarcoma?

Dedifferentiated liposarcoma - 3 MDM2 and 4 CDK4

MDM2 expression correlated with histotype (highly expressed WDL and DDL) and grade (highly expressed in grade 1 tumors)

WDL and DDL are distinct neoplastic entities characterized by MDM2 expression

Answer 11

16 and 21

1 MDM2 and 5 CDK4

0 MDM2 and 12 CDK4

Question 12

Bergmen et al. 2016. Evaluation of local toxic effects and outcomes for dogs undergoing marginal tumor excision with intralesional cisplaitn-impregnated bead placement for treatment of STS: 62 cases

___% had toxicity at bead placement site

__% tumor recurred

Median DFI was not reached for grade 1 and 2, grade 3 ____ days

DFSR with grade 1 and 2 at 1, 2, 3 years were __%, __%, __%

Good results in grade 1 and 2

Answer 12

47%

29%

148 days

88%, 75%, 64%

Question 13

Avallone et al. 2014. Canine perivascular tumors: high prognostic impact of site, depth, and completeness of margins

Canine PWT arise from vascular mural cells

What factors were associated with increased relapse probablity?

Which cases did not recur?

Major prognostic factors for PWT were tumor size, depth of growth, and pathological profiles

Answer 13

Size and depth

Complete surgical margins

Question 14

Palmieri et al. 2013. Use of electron microscopy to classify canine perivascular wall tumors

12 cases of undifferentiated canine PWTs were evaluated by TEM

4 categories of differentiation: myopericytic, myofibroblastic, fibroblastic, undifferentiated

A PNST was considered unlikely bases on expression of desmins and lack of basal lamina

Question 15

Fujii et al. 2013. Tumor endothelial marker-1 is expressed in canine Hemangiopericytomas (CHP)

Characterized 18 CHP using 2 new marlers for pericytes - tumor endothelial marker-1 (TEM-1) and new glue (NG)-2, and conventional markers - vimentin, SMA, desmin, vWF

Expression of TEM-1 - __% of hemangiopericytomas, __% LMS, __% HS, and __% of myofibroblastic sarcoma (MFS)

Vimentin was expressed by all tumors

CHPs are thought to originate from immature vascular cells sharing phenotype with myofibroblasts

NG-2 expression may be a phenotype of smooth muscle cells rather than pericytes

Answer 15

94.4%, 23.5%, 30%, 66.7%

Question 16

Curran et al. 2016. Lymphangiosarcoma in 12 dogs: a case series

10 dogs with mass and/or swelling at cervical, trunk, limb regions

Cytology was consistent with mild inflammation

Survival ranged from 60, 168, 876 days for 3 dogs with palliation

90 days with prednisone in 1

182 days with chemo in 1

240, 267, 487, 630, 941 for 5 with surgery (8 mo-31 mo)

574 days (1.6 yr) with surgery, RT, and chemo

Question 17

Yap et al. 2017. Intra- and inter-observer agreement in histological assessment of canine STS

Strong agreement was observed for the intra-observer assessement in necrosis, mitotic score, total score and tumor grading

The intra-observer agreement for differentiation score was perfect

The agreement between pathologists for the diagnosis of grading of canine STS was moderate

Question 18

Fuerst et al. 2017. CT findings in 24 dogs with liposarcoma

___% contained focal areas of fat attenuation

___ masses enhanced with contrast

Heterogeneous internal attenuation (__%) and lack of defined capsule (__%) - infiltration of local structures

__% foci of mineralization

Answer 18

77%

All

81%, 38%

23%

Question 19

Spoldi et al. 2017. Comparisons among CT features of adipose masses in dogs and cats

Compare lipomas, infiltrative lipomas, 17 liposarcomas

Lipomas - round to oval shaped, well marginated, fat attenuating lesions

Infiltrative lipomas - homogeneous, fat attenuating masses, with irregular shape (unlike lipomas)

Liposarcomas - heterogeneous lesions with soft tissue attenuating with a multinodular appearance

Regional lymphadenopathy and mineralization were observed with liposarcoma

Question 20

Suzuki et al. 2014. The effects of tumor location on diagnostic criteria for canine malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs) and the marlers for distinction between canine MPNSTs and canine perivascular tumors

Among canine MPNSTs, PNS tumor displayed significantlt higher ___ and ___ than non-PNS tumors

PWT had signifcantly ____ immunoreactivity than MPNSTs to makers used except ____ and _____

NGFR and Olig 2 were almost ____ in the rest of PWT

NGFR and Olig2 are useful to distinguish these 2 tumors

Answer 20

S100, Olig2

Weaker, a-SMA, desmin

negative

Question 21

le Chevoir et al. 2012. Elevctrophysiological features in dogs with peripheral nerve sheath tumors: 51 cases

2/51had no electrophysiological changes

Most commonly affected muscles were those innervated by radial, ulnar, median, tibial-sciatic, and peroneal nerves

Abnotmal spontaneous epaxial muscle actvity was more frequent in group with foraminal or spinal invasion by tumors

Question 22

Haagsman et al. The effect of IL-2 on canine peripheral nerve sheath tumors after marginal surgical excision: a double-blind randomized study

The median recurrence free interval was 874 days

The recurrence free interval was longer in dogs that underwent surgeyr by specialist surgeon compared to referring veterinarian

Adjunctive treatment with IL-2 did not provide survival advantage

Question 23

van Stee et al. 2017. Compartmental resection of peripheral nerve tumors with limb preservation in 16 dogs

Good to excellent limb function was achieved

MST was 1303 days

Non-infiltrated margins were the best prognostic indicaror, MST with non-infiltrated 2227 days vs. 487

1-year survival rate 68.8% and 2- and 3- were 62.5%

Question 24

Avallone et al. 2017. Tyrosine kinase receptor expression in canine liposarcoma

A high expression of FGF2, FGFR1, PDGFB, and PDGFB was identified in 62%, 68%, 81.6%, and 70.8% of cases

c-kit was expressed 12.5%

Mitotic count negatively correlated with FGF2, being lower with high FGF2, positively correlated with PDGFB, higher in cases with high PDGFB expression

PDGFB-mediated pathway may paly a role in progression of canine LP - promising target

Question 25

Dietz et al. Cutaneous and subcutaneous soft tissue tumors in snakes: a retrospective study of 33 cases

Question 26

Gower et al. 2015. Splenic liposarcoma in dogs: 13 cases

MST was ____ days

In 5 dogs that died, ST ranged from ___ to ___ days

______ was negative prognostic indicator

MST was ____days with mets and ____days without metastasis

Grade 1 had significantly greater MST (1009 days) vs. grade 2 or 3 (206 and 74 days)

Answer 26

623 days (1.7 yr)

42-369 days

Metastasis

46 days (1.5 mo), 767 days (2.1 yr)