TB 75 - Bomb Scene Incidents Flashcards
According to the FBI Bomb Data Center, approximately _____% of all terrorist incidents involve the use of explosives and incendiary agents.
70%
The LAFD does not respond to bomb threats unless specifically requested, or unless a confirmed or suspicious device is identified that will require a render a safe operation by the LAPD ____ Squad.
Bomb
LAFD resources SHALL NEVER attempt to assess or remove any suspicious package or device.
If a suspicious package or device is located, the area shall be evacuated and the _____ shall be requested, if they are not already on scene.
LAPD
Patrol officers usually evacuate an area and setup a perimeter, but LAFD may need to assist.
Initially, a perimeter of at least ____ feet should be established around any SUSPICIOUS DEVICE and no one, including LAFD personnel, should be allowed inside this perimeter.
300 ft
Devices found to be incendiary and NOT EXPLOSIVE, an LAFD ______ shall be requested.
This determination may be best made by trained bomb technicians, as some explosive liquids can be confused with flammable liquids.
LAFD Arson Unit
Bomb THREATS are frequently made to inconvenience or disrupt business operations. Due to a high number of false threats, LAPD policy defers the decision to evacuate a building due to a bomb THREAT to ________.
Unless there is a compelling reason to do so, LAFD personnel should not override their decision TO EVACUATE.
Business owners
The LAFD and the _______ have concurrent jurisdiction in emergencies involving evacuations.
LAPD
Effective incident management begins with the initial actions of first arriving unit to an explosion/bombing:
- Give size-up
-Categorize the explosion (MINOR, MODERATE, MAJOR)
-Visible injuries and/or fatalities?
-Is there a working fire? - Request additional resources
- Designate staging area
The initial company ASSIGNMENTS at a bomb scene should be aimed at performing:
-Performing a rapid assessment
-Rescue Group (extracting injured to safe area)
-Med Group (providing treatment and transport)
-RIC Group (providing safety to all members near site)
-Fire Suppression Group (controlling any fires)
-Setting up Exclusion Zone (standing by until bomb squad clear area)
One of the most important INITIAL ACTIONS upon arriving on the scene of an explosion is to __________.
determine the CAUSE of the explosion.
(Irrespective of information provided by callers, a primary objective will be to determine or confirm the cause of the explosion.)
True or False?
Most bombings do not cause fires.
True.
Although most bombings do not cause fires, structural compromise is a more likely problem.
Initial actions onscene of an explosion/bombing:
- Determine cause of explosion (bombing or accident)
- Determine presence of viable patients
- Communicate any CBRN indicators or lack thereof
- Determine presence of fire
- Determine structural compromise
- ID & communicate any conditions not known by the IC
- Recon Group for major explosions
- Search and Rescue Group
- Rapid Intervention Group
- Medical Group (Casualty Collection Point location)
- Fire Suppression Group
- Setting up Exclusion Zone
It is important for the first arriving companies to quickly assess visible signs of structural compromise, but only after certain objectives have been met.
What are these objectives?
-Determine cause of explosion
-Determine presence of viable patients
-Communicate CBRN indicators or lack thereof
-Determine presence of fire
If the explosion is determined to be INTENTIONAL, then the ______ Group will be employed to move all viable patients to a Casualty Collection Point as quickly as possible.
Rescue Group
If a suspect appears threatening or a booby trap is suspected, advise everyone to evacuate the area, advise law enforcement, and communicate “______” over the radio.
Emergency Traffic
If the explosion is determined to be accidental, the Rescue Group may be re-designated ______ Group.
An accidental cause will simply mean that a more thorough triage can be performed at the incident location and that patients may not need to be moved as far.
Medical Group
The member assigned as _______ will likely be best to determine where to establish a Casualty Collection Point.
Medical Group Leader
Important factors for location of Casualty Collection Point:
•THE CCP OR TREATMENT AREA SHALL NOT BE WITHIN LINE-OF-SIGHT OF INITIAL EXPLOSION SITE.
• OUTSIDE the area covered by broken glass and other DEBRIS, and BEHIND a protective BARRIER.
• large enough to accommodate treatment areas, and if possible, ADJACENT to a STREET for ambulances.
• It could be useful to designate an area two to four blocks away on a transecting street.
• For explosions that impact a large area, this could be expanded to several blocks away.
If a fire is encountered, fire suppression operations should be conducted in a DEFENSIVE posture, with initial efforts aimed at:
-protecting exposures
-employing unstaffed appliances
-directing water onto the fire from behind protective barriers
A general rule for a bomb scene perimeter is to?
-identify the distance of the FURTHEST blast debris from the center of the explosion and create a perimeter that DOUBLES this distance.
The area within this perimeter may be considered the EXCLUSION Zone.
(No member should be in this area unless specifically assigned)
______ Command should be established as a priority following a bombing/explosion.
It allows agencies designated by their jurisdictional authorities to jointly determine objectives, plans, and priorities and work together to execute them.
Unified Command
The first arriving BC should set up a Command Post at least ______ ft away from the explosion site.
1,000 ft
Appendix -
Historically, _______ has been responsible for the majority of casualties from Improvised Explosive Devices (IEDs).
fragmentation
Appendix -
Blast injuries are divided into four categories:
•Primary - over pressurization shock wave
•Secondary - bomb fragments
•Tertiary - blast wind
•Quaternary - other injuries not included in first 3.
Appendix -
The use of radiological materials in conjunction with an IED is known as a Radiological Dispersal Device (RDD) or “_____ bomb.”
dirty bomb
Appendix -
Always assume the presence of secondary devices.
Secondary devices are usually detonated less than _____ hour(s) after the initial attack, targeting first responders as well as the public.
one-hour
Appendix -
A perimeter of at least _____ feet should be established when a suspicious SECONDARY device is encountered.
No communication devices (radios, cell phones, or pagers) should be used within ____ feet of a suspicious device.
1,000 ft
200 ft
Appendix - Bomb Threat with DEVICE PRESENT:
Ensure that all evacuees are at least _____ feet away, behind barriers, and not exposed to secondary hazards
300 ft
Appendix - LAFD Considerations for Post Blasts:
Irrespective of their assignment, the first arriving companies should attempt to verify:
-Bombing or Accident
-Presence of Viable Patients (approximate number and condition)
-CBRN Indicators
-Presence of Fire
-Presence of Structural Compromise
Appendix -
Priority Assignments Post Blast:
•Rescue Group– Extract all viable patients to a triage area or Casualty Collection Point, as a priority. (From first alarm, if possible)
•Medical Group – Establish treatment areas at a substantial distance (at least 1,000feet).
•Fire Suppression Group – Approach from area unexposed to explosion site, if possible.
•Rapid Intervention Company/Group – Consider secondary devices.
•Other considerations:
-Hazardous Materials Group
-USAR Group
Explosion Categories:
“Minor Explosion”
-all amount of debris NOT BEYOND immediate property or vicinity
-Superficial property damage
-NO structural compromise
-NO damage to adjacent buildings
“Moderate Explosion”
-SIGNIFICANT debris but NOT BEYOND immediate property or vicinity
-Significant property damage to minor structural compromise (collapse improbable)
-MINOR damage to ADJACENT BUILDINGS (broken glass)
“Major Explosion”
-SIGNIFICANT debris BEYOND immediate property or vicinity
-SIGNIFICANT damage to ADJACENT buildings
-Major STRUCTURAL COMPROMISE or COLLAPSE
The three primary effects of an explosion are?
-blast pressure effect
-fragmentation effect
-thermal effect
