TB 135 - Active Shooter Flashcards
Tactical law enforcement incidents may include the following:
• Any incident where the subject of an actual or potential violent crime is believed to still be on scene and not in police custody
• Active shooter
• Hostage taker
• Perimeter search for an individual suspected in a violent crime
• Barricaded suspect
• Multiple-coordinated assault by suspected terrorists (i.e. Mumbai-style attack)
• Any incident where a subject threatens to detonate explosives or set fire to an occupied building
The American College of Surgeons and the Federal Bureau of Investigation in Hartford, Connecticut, developed a concept document for the purpose of increasing survivability in mass casualty shootings.
The Hartford Consensus, as a core requirement in response to Active Shooter(AS)/MCIs, identifies the importance of ______ as an INITIAL ACTION to improve survivability.
hemorrhage control
(Experience has shown that the NUMBER ONE CAUSE of preventable death in victims of penetrating trauma is HEMORRHAGE.)
The Hartford Consensus’ practical recommendations include the actions contained in the acronym THREAT.
THREAT stands for:
T – Threat suppression
H – Hemorrhage control
RE – Rapid Extraction to safety
A – Assessment by medical providers
T – Transport to definitive care
- The Hartford Consensus points out that life-threatening bleeding from extremity wounds are best controlled by the use of _____________.
- Internal bleeding resulting from penetrating wounds to the chest and trunk are best addressed through ___________.
- tourniquets and direct pressure.
- expedited transportation to a hospital.
When arriving at the scene of a tactical law enforcement incident, it is important for fire department personnel to ascertain if the incident is still ___________.
This information should be communicated to responding resources IMMEDIATELY.
Request law enforcement if not on scene yet.
dynamic
(i.e., subject(s) still on scene and not in police custody).
Fire department personnel should not enter the immediate area where a direct threat is believed to exist.
However, if there is a basis to believe that the threat is no longer present, it may be appropriate for fire department personnel to render aid or take other appropriate action, even prior to the arrival of __________.
law enforcement
When MFC receives a call for a shooting, and determines that shooting is ongoing (i.e., an active shooter incident) the following resources will be dispatched:
• 2 Battalion Chiefs
• 2 EMS Captains
• 1 Command Post Company
• 1 Light Force
• 2 Engines
• 4 ALS RAs
• 2 BLS RAs
The first arriving fire department unit on scene of an active shooter incident should:
• Confirm the NATURE of the incident (i.e., shooting vs. active shooter).
• Provide a SIZE-UP to MFC and responding units.
• Designate a STAGING AREA.
(Consider an area not in direct line of sight or immediately proximate to the incident, with a clear approach to the incident, or possibly a predetermined area developed from preplanning.)
Rescue Task Forces (RTFs) are small groups of fire department personnel together with force protection configured to treat or extract the injured from within the _____ Zone.
RTFs may also take the injured to a Casualty Collection Point (CCP) within the _____ Zone prior to further movement to the treatment area.
Warm Zone (for both)
Who will normally be assigned rescue group supervisor?
The second arriving battalion chief
The first arriving EMS Supervisor should normally be assigned as __________, unless this member is unnecessarily delayed, then this should be initiated by another resource.
The second arriving EMS Supervisor should normally be assigned as the ___________.
1st EMS Captain: Medical Communications
2nd EMS Captain: Medical Group Supervisor.
First arriving __________ should prepare personnel and secure equipment for deployment as Rescue Task Force.
Company Officers and RA personnel
For complex incidents that involve a significant commitment of LAFD resources, a _____ Command shall be employed and an ________ shall be developed.
-Unified Command
-Incident Action Plan (IAP)
(This will need to take place quickly and may be INFORMAL.)
The elements of the Incident Action Plan (IAP) for an Active Shooter may vary based on the situation, but key components that the FIRE DEPARTMENT will be RESPONSIBLE FOR include the following:
- Rescue Group
- Medical Group
- Fire Group
- Communications Plan
During an Active Shooter, the ______ Group is configured to extract viable patients from the Warm Zone or Casualty Collection Point to the treatment areas.
(This is where the Rescue Task Forces are assigned and report to).
Rescue Group
If no Warm Zone or Casualty Collection Point (CCP) exists, the ________ will have the responsibility of coordinating the movement of patients TO the treatment areas.
Triage Unit Leader
The ______ Group is configured to manage the triage, treatment, transportation, and tracking of casualties.
Medical Group
When large numbers of patients are encountered, or when they are separated by a distance that makes it impractical to have one treatment area, a Medical Branch may need to be established.
The ______ Group is configured to suppress fires and coordinate the non-EMS operational fire discipline needs of the incident.
Fire Group
Incident Command:
Identifying specific incident boundaries and locations are important as additional fire dept command officers arrive and RTFs are configured to search for victims.
Consider designating the following locations on a map:
-Location of the threat(s) (Hot Zone)
-Perimeter established by law enforcement (Warm Zone)
-Casualty Collection Point(s) (Warm Zone)
-Treatment Area(s) (Cold Zone)
-Incident Command Post (Cold Zone)
-Staging Area(s) (Cold Zone)
-Tactical Operations Center (TOC). Location from which SWAT Command coordinates SWAT operations. The TOC is routinely not collocated with the CP. It is beneficial to assign a fire command officer to this location to enhance situational awareness.
-Family Assistance Center (Cold Zone)
Example 1, groups are organized by function:
In Example 2, two of the branches are designated based on geographic locations:
When a barricaded suspect threatens to set fire to a building, it is vital that the Incident Commander develop a Fire Plan.
If a fire occurs and the suspect’s location cannot be determined, firefighters will need to PROTECT EXPOSURES to the extent possible and attempt to extinguish the fire from PROTECTED LOCATIONS.
Under no circumstances should firefighters enter or move through a _____ Zone to deploy ladders, hose lines, or other equipment.
Hot Zone
When no other options are available, water drops via helicopter can be made
Rescue Task Force (RTF) is a team deployed to provide point of wound care to victims where there is an ongoing ballistic or ______ threat.
These teams treat, stabilize, and remove the injured from the ______ Zone to an area where they can receive definitive care and/or transport to the hospital while wearing ballistic protective equipment with force protection.
explosive threat
Warm
As a minimum, an RTF shall have ____ fire department medical personnel and _____ force protection officers. When possible, RTFs SHOULD incorporate a paramedic.
The circumstances and available personnel will dictate the number and size of RTFs
-2 LAFD members
-2 Force protection officers
Possible Rescue Task Force (RTF) configurations:
