TB 155 - Wildland Urban Interface Structure Defense Flashcards

1
Q

Firefighters can prepare themselves for wildland structure defense activities by developing a sound understanding of:

A

-wildland structure environment
-fire behavior and forecasting
-Risk Management process
-tactical terms and associated tactical actions.

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2
Q

Leaders Intent:

The first and foremost INTENT during structure defense is to keep firefighters and the public SAFE.
Secondly, once that safety can be ensured, then we can aggressively work towards?

A

keeping the wildland fire away from structures and communities.

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3
Q

What are the two basic structure environments in the wildland?

A

INTERFACE - A condition where structures abut the wildland (clear line of demarcation)
•Greater potential for house to house ignition

INTERMIX - A condition where structures are scattered throughout a wildland area.
•Usually requires a higher ratio of engines to structures
•More complex to triage and defend

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4
Q

________ is a preplanned area where firefighters can immediately take refuge for temporary shelter and short-term relief without using a fire shelter in the event that emergency egress to an established Safety Zone is compromised.

A

Temporary Refuge Area (TRA)

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5
Q

________ is a preplanned area of sufficient size and suitable location that is expected to protect fire personnel from known hazards without using fire shelters.

A

Safety Zone

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6
Q

Always have an exit strategy in the WUI:

A

• Employ tactical maneuver to avoid heat injury, move away from the fire

• Move to a Temporary Refuge Area

• Withdraw along an Escape Route

• Move into a Safety Zone.

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7
Q

Standardized references you can use to validate your fire behavior forecast:

A

• Incident Response Pocket Guide

• Look Up, Look Down, Look Around indicators

• Extreme Fire Behavior indicators (spotting, crowning, rate of spread)

• Campbell Prediction System (CPS)

• Know what the fire is doing at all times in order to maintain an accurate fire behavior forecast.

• Know current weather conditions and forecasts. Consider wind speed, direction, relative humidity, temperatures.

• Observe current burning activity in order to predict flame length and intensity.

• Consider local weather factors and fire history

• Evaluate for wind shifts, micro-climates, weather indicators and hazards

• Evaluate surrounding fuels for type, height, continuity, and conditions

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8
Q

A Structure’s triage category in the WUI is based on:

A

-forecasted fire behavior
-surrounding area terrain
-any defensible space.

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9
Q

What are the different structure triage categories in the WUI?

A
  1. Not-Threatened
  2. Threatened Defensible
  3. Threatened Non-Defensible
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10
Q

Explain the 3 structure triage categories….

  1. Not-Threatened:
  2. Threatened Defensible:
  3. Threatened Non-Defensible:
A
  1. Not-Threatened: Safety Zone and TRA are present and construction features or defensible space make it unlikely that the structure will ignite during initial fire front contact.
  2. Threatened Defensible: Safety Zone and TRA are present. Construction features, lack of defensible space, or other challenges REQUIRES firefighters to implement structure defense tactics DURING FIRE FRONT CONTACT.
  3. Threatened Non-Defensible: Either there is NO SAFETY ZONE or TRA present and/or the structure has challenges that DO NOT ALLOW firefighters to safely commit to stay and protect the structure during fire front contact.
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11
Q

Safety Zones should be identified and designated based upon _________.

A

forecasted fire behavior.

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12
Q

If a structure becomes involved in fire in the WUI, and a decision is made to extinguish the fire, what is the appropriate PPE required?

A

Structure Fire PPE including SCBA

(DO NOT base your decision to remain at a structure and/or the safety of your personnel on the use of SCBA’s.)

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13
Q

• Keep at least _____ gallons of water reserve in your apparatus tank

A

100 gal

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14
Q

Strategy should reflect a “general” plan that is broad in scope and provides direction for accomplishing the incident objectives.

______ are the specific actions firefighters will take to accomplish the incident objectives.

A

Tactics

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15
Q

Tactical Maneuver:

A

-Tactical maneuver implies movement or purposeful reaction to change.

-It is imperative that CONTINGENCY PLANNING be part of every tactical plan.

-Tactical maneuver (agility) is essential to ensure fire fighter safety since legitimate safety zones ARE NOT always immediately present in the WUI.

-Tactical maneuver can be an OFFENSIVE or DEFENSIVE action

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16
Q

The following are the seven TACTICAL actions available to structure defense resources:

A

• CHECK AND GO

• PREP AND GO

• PREP AND DEFEND

• FIRE FRONT FOLLOWING

• BUMP AND RUN

• ANCHOR AND HOLD

• TACTICAL PATROL

17
Q

Check and Go tactic:

A
18
Q

Prep and Go tactic:

A
19
Q

Prep and Defend tactic:

A
20
Q

Fire Front Following tactic:

A
21
Q

Bump and Run tactic:

A
22
Q

Anchor and Hold tactic:

A
23
Q

Tactical Patrol:

A
24
Q

The goal of the “Fire Front Following” tactic is to?

A

-search for victims
-effect perimeter control
-extinguish spot fires around structures
-control hot spots
-reduce ember production.

25
Q

APPENDIX B- RISK MANAGEMENT PROCESS

A

Step 1: Situation Awareness
Step 2: Hazard Assessment
Step 3: Hazard Control
Step 4: Decision Point
Step 5: Evaluate

26
Q

Tactical Engagement Process:

Firefighters must anticipate the unexpected and build agility (Tactical Maneuver) into their plan with contingency planning.

The lexicon for contingency planning is P.A.C.E.:

A

P- Primary Plan [Offense] -Is focused on fire fighter safety and on mission objectives. Yields the most desirable results (Manning hose lines to suppress the fire around a structure)

A- Alternate Plan [Offense] A fall back plan that closely supports the Primary Plan (Retreating into or behind the structure until fire intensity diminishes)

C- Contingency Plan [Defense] A plan totally focused on the firefighter’s SAFETY. Move to a tactical refuge area or withdraw along the escape route and into a safety zone

E- Emergency Plan [Defense] A plan totally focused on individual firefighter SURVIVAL. When threatened by fire, firefighters should get into their fire shelter

27
Q

There are 5 “Levels of Engagement in wildland firefighting”.

Use acronym “DRAW-D” to identify a thoughtful and mindful approach to choosing the appropriate tactical action:

A

D- Defend
R- Reinforce
A - Advance
W- Withdraw
D- Delay

28
Q

Appendix F - Structure Assessment Checklist

Adequate clearance around a structure should be a minimum of _____ ft (steeper the slope the more clearance required).

A

100ft

29
Q

Guidelines for Estimated Resources for Structure Protection:

-_____ engine(s) per one structure, one additional engine for every four structures to be used as “backup” and for patrol.

-For structures that are close together (50’ or less), one engine may be adequate to protect ______ structures

A

-One engine

-two structures

30
Q

Power Line Safety:

-Maintain a ____ ft distance from TRANSMISSION lines

Spot fires or low ground fires can be fought with hose lines if heavy smoke or flame is not within _____ ft of the power lines

A

35 ft

100 ft

31
Q

Structure protection should start with a determination of ________.

A

the exit strategy

32
Q

Structure defense firefighting in the Wildland Urban Interface (WUI) is inherently dangerous because it is primarily associated with _______ firefighting.

A

in-direct

33
Q

Successful WUI firefighting operations are accomplished by selecting SOUND STRATAGIES supported by ___________.

A

effective TACTICAL actions that keep firefighters SAFE, protect the public and minimize property loss.

34
Q

Defending structures from a wildland fire will not be possible in every situation. What will dictate the strategies that will be used?

A

-Risk to firefighters

-Fire behavior

-Availability of resources