Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

AD2 > Tapeworms and flukes > Flashcards

Tapeworms and flukes Flashcards

1
Q

2 branches of flatworms

A
  • trematodes (flukes)
  • cestodes (tapeworms)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

3 parts of a tapeworm

A

scolex (head)
strobilla (body)
proglottid (segments)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the strobilia?

A

tapeworm tail containing proglottids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Define oncosphere

A

larval form of a tapeworm once it has been ingested by an intermediate host animal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Which are the most harmful stages of tapeworms?

A

immature stages in intermediate hosts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Taenia lifecycle

A

1) adult tapeworm in canine GI

2) eggs or prog. are shed onto pasture

3) eggs ingested whilst grazing

4) larvae travel into sheep muscosa forming cysts

5) canine ingests viable cyst from sheep carcass

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is a metacestode

A

larval tapeworm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

3 types of metacestode

A
  • cysticercus
  • hydatid
  • coenurus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Cysticerus

A

fluid filled cyst in which there is a single invaginated scolex (aka protoscolex)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Coenurus

A

multiple invaginations/ scolices

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Hydatid

A

large fluid filled cyst with germinal epithelium from which multiple scolices (sometimes in bundles surrounded by germinal epithelium) grow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Taenia saginata

A

band or ribbon worm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Why is taenia saginata called an ‘unarmed’ tapeworm?

A

no hooks on head

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Why is Taenia solium described as an armed tapeworm?

A

hooks on rostellum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the hosts of Taenia solium

A

Dh - humans
IH - pigs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Taenia solium lifecycle

A

1) humans shed proglottid in feaces with thousands of eggs,

2) pigs (especially free range pigs) ingest eggs, eggs hatch and penetrate capillaries migrate to muscle.

3) people eat undercooked pork and become infected with larva.

4) oncosphere in eggs of pig faeces CAN infect humans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is neurocysticercosis caused by?

A

Taenia solium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Echinococcus granulosus DH

A

dog

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is Echinococcus granulosos in its metacestode stage?

A

hydatid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Echinococcus granulosus IH

A

humans + most mammals

(cysts in liver, lungs)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Echinococcus multilocularis DH

Echinococcus multilocularis IH

A

DH - Dog
IH - rodants, humans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Anoplocephala perfoliata DH

Anoplocephala perfoliata IH

A

DH - equids
IH - orbatid mites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Where does Anoplocephala perfoliata attach?

A

ileo-caeco-colic junction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Anoplocephala perfoliata lifecycle

A

1) progolotids

2) eggs ingested by mites

3) eggs mature into cysticercoids

4) mites are ingested in grass

5) cysticeroids mature into adults in GI of horse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Moniezia expansa

A

ruminant tapeworm

26
Q

Moniezia expansa pathology

A

GI obstruction

27
Q

Moniezia expansa life cycle

A

1) eggs ingested by orbatid forage mites

2) cysticeroids develop within the mite

3) sheep ingest mites whilst grazing

4) adult tapeworm develops cysticeroids

5) adult in host intestine

6) eggs shed in feaces

28
Q

Dipylidium caninum

A

Cucumber seed tapeworm

(proglottids look like seeds)

29
Q

Dipylidium caninum DH

Dipylidium caninum IH

A

DH - dogs, cats, humans
IH - fleas

30
Q

Dipylidium caninum life cycle

A

Cysticercoid larvae develop in flea hosts, which may be ingested by another DH, eg via grooming

31
Q

Trematode anatomy

A
  • mouth, oral sphincter
  • oesophagus
  • no anus but there is an excretory bladder
  • hermaphrodite
32
Q

What do liver fluke infect?

A

Cattle, sheep, horses, rabbits, other grazing animals

33
Q

What is Fasciola hepatica and its IH

A

liver fluke

IH - snail, (Galba Truncatula)

34
Q

How does Fasciola hepatica relate to other diseases?

A

increases susceptibility of other diseases

35
Q

Fasciola hepatica and Black disease

A
  • necrotising hepatitis
  • due to clostridium novyi
  • sudden death
  • cattle, sheep, goats
36
Q

Life cycle of Fasciola hepatica

A

1) mature liver fluke in bile ducts

2) eggs pass through bile ducts to intestines

3) eggs pass in faeces, develop to hatch miracidia (sheep host 1-3)

4) miricidia mobile larvae find a snail within 3 hours

5) sporocysts form 30 mins after snail infection

6) larval redia are produced

7) larval stage leaves the sporocyst and migrates through snail

8) reach snail GI tract and cercaria are formed

9) metacercaria on grass, eaten by sheep

37
Q

Effects of Fasciola hepatica on definitive host: acute phase

A

hepatic damage due to migrating and feeding larvae

38
Q

Effects of Fasciola hepatica on definitive host: chronic phase

A
  • weight loss
  • bottle jaw (submandibular oedema)
  • anaemia
  • cholangitis
  • cirrhosis
  • risk of black disease
39
Q

Cholangitis

A

inflammation of the bile ducts

40
Q

Cirrhosis

A

chronic degenerative disease of the liver

41
Q

What species does acute fasciolosis occur in?

A

sheep

42
Q

Acute fasciolosis

A
  • 2-6 weeks after sheep ingest metacercaria
  • subsequent migration of numerous immature fluke through liver
  • massive hepatic haemorrhage
  • sudden death can occur
43
Q

Chronic fasciolosis

A
  • occurs in early spring
  • 4- 5 months after ingestion of metacercaria
  • sheep suffer loss of condition
44
Q

Bovine chronic fasciolosis

A

thickening and subsequent calcification of bovine bile ducts

45
Q

Chronic non-suppurative cholangiohepatitis

A

lymphocytes, plasma cells, eosinophils, macrophages with green-brown pigment

46
Q

Fibrosis in portal areas due to chronic fasciolosis causes

A

loss of parenchyma, biliary hyperplasia, dilation, fibrosis and calcification of bile ducts

47
Q

What is the Glycocalyx

A
  • glycoprotein and polysaccharide
  • regularly shed and replaced
  • active shedding of glycocalyx more rapid in juvenile than mature flukes
48
Q

When is shedding of the glycocalyx accelerated?

A
  • in presence of antibody
  • reduces eosinophil attachment
49
Q

What is Cathepsin-L and what does it do

A
  • cysteine protease
  • digestion of amino acids from Hb
  • facilitates migration through the host intestine and liver by cleaving intestinal proteins
50
Q

What conditions are key to the epidemiology of fasciolosis

A
  • needs wet boggy areas for snails
  • cattle grazing in wetlands are particularly at risk
  • control by fencing and drainage, but drainage now discouraged to protect biodiversity
51
Q

How does the winter infection of snails work?

A

appear on pastures in may-june, with clinical disease being seen in the autumn

52
Q

How is fasciolosis diagnosed?

A

history on farm

  • presence of suitable snail habitat
  • fluke forecasting
  • diagnostic tests eg faecal egg counting, serological tests
53
Q

calcicophoron daubneyi

A

Rumen fluke

54
Q

waht are the hosts Calcicophoron daubneyi and what does it cause

A
  • galba truncatula
  • cattle and sheep definitive hosts
  • immature flukes in small intestine are ‘plug feeders’
  • haemorrhagic diarrhoea and anorexia
55
Q

Where are immature fluke of Calcicophoron daubneyi found?

A

in duodenum

56
Q

Severe calcicophoron daubneyi

A
  • haemorrhagic enteritis
  • anaemia
  • hypoproteinaemia
57
Q

Clinical signs of calcicophoron daubneyi

A
  • lethargy
  • dehydration
  • severe scour
  • submandibular oedema
58
Q

What is the common name for dicrocoelium dendriticum?

A

lancet fluke

59
Q

Lancet fluke life cycle

A

1) adult in bile duct of liver

2) eggs passed in faeces

3) miracidium hatches from egg upon ingestion

4) mother sporocyst- cercaria in slime

5) ant eats cercaria in snail slime

6) cow ingests ant

60
Q

Where does dicrocoelium dendriticum (lancet fluke) establish

A

suboesophageal ganglion

AD2 (39 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions