Responsible use of antimicrobials

Question 1

Why is a narrow spectrum antimicrobial preferable?

Answer 1

to target particular groups of bacteria, rather than killing the natural flora

Question 2

What is a bacteriostatic antibiotic?

Answer 2

stops bacterial reproduction, allowing the immune system to kill the bacteria

Question 3

What is the mechanism of quinolones?

Answer 3

act on genetic material of bacteria

Question 4

What is the mechanism of beta lactams?

Answer 4

acts on the cell wall

Question 5

How does the body eliminate antimicrobial in the system?

Answer 5

• redistribution
• metabolism at the liver
• excretion at the kidney

Question 6

What components of the genome can transfer resistance?

Answer 6

• plasmids
• transposons
• integrons

Question 7

What is conjugation?

Answer 7

plasmatic bridge is formed between cells to exchange genetic material

Question 8

What is transduction?

Answer 8

resistance genes transmitted through bacteriophages

Question 9

What is transformation?

Answer 9

uptake of free DNA after cell lysis

Question 10

How can use of antibiotics be modified to reduce resistance risk?

Answer 10

• use sparingly
• use narrow spectrum drugs
• right duration and dose
• use after firm diagnosis and resistance testing

Question 11

What is a withdrawal period?

Answer 11

prescribed period of time where milk and eggs are not fit for consumption and animals must not go for slaughter