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AD2 > Immune system ontogeny and neonatal immunity > Flashcards

Immune system ontogeny and neonatal immunity Flashcards

1
Q

What can be found on the surface of B cells by day 60 of the calf in utero?

A

blood smIgM

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2
Q

By day 100 what can in utero calves make antibodies for?

A
  • anaplasma
  • leptospira
  • parainfluenza
  • rotavirus
  • parvovirus
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3
Q

By day 200, what can in utero calves respond to?

A

campylobacter
chlamidya
e.coli

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4
Q

What is the significance of serum Ig at birth?

A
  • normally born without serum Ig
  • serum Ig at birth suggests in utero infection
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5
Q

What type of placenta do humans and primates have and what does it allow?

A

haemochorial placenta
- IgG can very easily pass through chorionic epithelium
- Babies born with same levels of - IgG as an adult does
- Via passive transfer of antibody

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6
Q

What type of placenta do dogs and cats have and How successfully can IgG pass?

A

endotheliochorial
- Not as easy for IgG to pass through both chorionic epithelium and maternal endothelium
- So less IgG at birth
- 5-10% adult level passes

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7
Q

What type of placenta do ruminants have and How successfully can Ig transfer

A

syndesmochorial
- none
- ANOTHER layer of tissue to get through (uterine connective tissue) so no Ig transfer possibl
- explains importance of colostrum in ruminants

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8
Q

What type of placenta do horses and pigs have and How successfully can Ig transfer?

A

epitheliochorial
none as uterine epithelium is ANOTHER layer to get through

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9
Q

What is the dominant antibody in both milk and colostrum?

A

IgG

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10
Q

What is the dominant antibody in non-ruminant milk?

A

IgA

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11
Q

When is neonatal gut permeability increased?

A

From 6-24 hours

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12
Q

In milk, where is a majority of Ig made?

A

mainly made locally by plasma cells in mammary gland

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13
Q

In colostrum, where is a majority of Ig made?

A

in serum

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14
Q

what 3 things protect colostral antibody?

A
  • low proteolytic activity in gut
  • IgA secretory component
  • colostral trypsin inhibitors
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15
Q

What happens to complement that is absorbed by neonatals?

A

absorbed but non-functional

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16
Q

What does FnCR on enterocytes facilitate?
antibody absorption from colostrum

A

antibody absorption from colostrum

17
Q

How are some antibodies lost from neonatals?

A

via neonatal glomeruli

18
Q

What Ig is absorbed and what is left in the lumen in horse, pigs and ruminants

A

Horse and pigs - IgG/M is absorbed, IgA remains in lumen
Ruminants - all is absorbed but IgA is re-excreted back into lumen

19
Q

What immune functions does colostral Ig inhibit?

A
  • development of neonatal immune response until maternal Ig is catabolised
  • meaning neonates cannot respond to vaccine until this has occured
20
Q

When is the best time to vaccinate a neonate?

A
  • must wait for maternal antibody to decline enough so that vaccination does not get wasted - but also so there is enough maternal antibodies present that it protects neonate from window of susceptibility of disease
21
Q

What will failure of colostral transfer cause?

A

enteric disease
resp. disease
septicaemia

22
Q

When is ideal puppy vaccination?

A

8, 12 and 16 weeks so that all puppies are able to respond as they will all have varying levels of colostral Ig

23
Q

What causes of failure of colostral transfer?

A
  • premature birth so no colostrum
  • premature lactation with loss of colostrum
  • poor quality colostrum
  • failure to suckle
  • failure to absorb
24
Q

What is Primary immunodeficiency disease

A
  • congenital (inherited)
  • rare
  • can be seen around 16 weeks of age
25
Q

What is secondary immunodeficiency

A

acquired after birth and caused by natural or artificial agents

(common)

26
Q

What clinical indications of immunodeficiency are there?

A
  • chronic, recurrent infection in young, littermate animals
  • infection at multiple sites
  • failure to respond to standard antimicrobials
27
Q

What is Weimaraner immunodeficiency syndrome

A

IgG deficiency

28
Q

What is CLAD

A

canine leukocyte adhesion deficiancy (Irish setters)

29
Q

What is Neonatal haemolytic anaemia

A
  • isoimmune haemolytic anemia
  • colostrum contains antibodies to neonates erythrocytes
30
Q

How does neonatal haemolytic anaemia occur?

A
  • dam sensitised to sire erythrocyte antigens
  • dam has spontaneously arising antibody that cross-reacts with sire erythrocytes
31
Q

What do all type B cats have?

A

high (conc) titred anti-A

32
Q

What do some type A cats have?

A

low (conc) titred anti-B

33
Q

What does neonatal isoerythrolysis in kittens look like?

A
  • subclinical
  • may develop tail tip necrosis 1-3 weeks post partum
34
Q

How can prevention of feline NI occur?

A
  • prevent at risk mating by blood typing sire and dam
  • determine level of anti-A in dam serum before birth by titrating against sire RCs

AD2 (39 decks)

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