Pathology and congenital malformations Flashcards
What is Aetiology?
cause of disease
What is Aetiopathogenesis?
Development of disease when cause is known
What are Aetiological agents?
things that cause disease
What are teratogens?
foreign agents which interfere with normal development in the embryo
What factors influence teratogens which cause congenital malformation?
-Agent factors (ie. dose, frequency of exposure, route of exposure)
-Special factors (ie. species susceptibility)
-Maternal factors (ie. genetic makeup, metabolism)
-Embryo / fetus factors (ie. stage of development, genetic makeup, metabolism)
What factor is the most important when determining if a teratogen will cause congenital malformations?
The stage of development
What are the stages of development?
Organogenesis
Histogenesis
functional maturation
How do structual congenital malformations form?
From disturbances of normal cellular & tissue growth & development patterns
-Developmental failure
-Development excess
-Disorderly development of tissues/organs
What is agenesis?
no tissue development
What is hypoplasia?
limited tissue development (partial failure to develop)
What is Dysraphia?
lack of tissue fusion
What is Atresia
failure to develop opening/orifice
What is an example of a failure to migrate?
ectopic heart
What is a harmatoma?
extra tissue in normal site
What is an example of supernumeray tissues
excess digits, teeth
