Chronic inflammation

Question 1

What are the characteristics of chronic inflammation?

Answer 1

• no fluid exudation
• mononuclear cells and macrophages are involved
• persistence of necrosis
• various facets of tissue repair
• may present together but one cellular pattern predominates

Question 2

How can a stimulus remain persistant for inflammatory stimuli?

Answer 2

• Hides from immune response
• Is resistant to destruction
• genetic dysfunction in the host

Question 3

What causes chronic inflammation?

Answer 3

Monocytes and activated macrophages

Question 4

What are the functions of activated macrophages?

Answer 4

tissue repair or trigger adaptive immune responses

Question 5

What are the 2 results of chronic inflammation?

Answer 5

Granuloma formation
Abscess formation

Question 6

What is the structure of a granuloma?

Answer 6

• internal Macro, acellular area.
• A surrounding epitheloid macropahges
• final layer of lymphocytes, plasma cells and macros in a fibrous capsule

Question 7

What is a caseative granuloma?

Answer 7

-Macrophages engulf organisms
-Organism resists digestion & multiplies in macrophage
-Macrophage dies > engulfed by other macrophages
-Central caseous necrosis (accumulative dead cells) > may mineralise

Question 8

What is the Eosinophilic granuloma formation?

Answer 8

-Eosinophils dominate with macrophages, lympho’s & plasma cells
-Eosinophils are significant in responses to parasites + hypersensitivity reactions

Question 9

How are abscesses formed?

Answer 9

-Acute inflammation leaves pus (enzymes, liquefied cells, live / dead organisms)
-Serous (watery) / purulent (thick) / caseous (dry, crumbly)
-Macrophages direct fibroblasts to produce collagen & ECM proteins
-Results in formation of slender connective tissue wall, which matures to thick (fibrous) capsule