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AD2 > Ectoparasites > Flashcards

Ectoparasites Flashcards

1
Q

What is the appearance of an ixodidae (hard) tick?

A

distinctive scutum on dorsum

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2
Q

What is the appearance of argasidae (soft) ticks?

A

no scutum present, often found on birds

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3
Q

What is the chelicara?

A

helps to embed the tick’s mouthpart into the host

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4
Q

What is a hypostome?

A

the tick’s mouthpart

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5
Q

What does tick saliva contain?

A
  • vasoactive prostaglandins
  • anti coagulants
  • cytoloytic agents (enzymes)
  • chemotactic agents (histamine and serotonin)
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6
Q

What is questing?

A

when the tick crawls onto vegetation, waiting to attach to a host

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7
Q

What can ticks cause?

A
  • blood loss and anaemia
  • inflammation
  • lesions
  • reduced body condition and productivity
  • tick paralysis
  • tick borne disease
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8
Q

What are the modes of transmission of tick borne disease?

A
  • trans stadial
  • trans ovarial
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9
Q

What tick is the most important in the UK?

A

ixodes ricinus

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10
Q

What is the lifecycle of ixodes ricinus?

A
  • eggs hatch on pasture
  • larvae feed on host 1
  • larvae detach and moult to nymph on pasture
  • nymphs feed on host 2
  • nymps detach and moult to adults on pasture
  • adults feed on host 3 and drop off when fully fed
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11
Q

What are the preferred hosts of dermacentor reticulatus?

A

dogs, cats and wild mammals

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12
Q

What type of habitat do dermacentor reticulatus live in?

A

moist habitats

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13
Q

What disease does dermacentor reticulatus transmit?

How long does it take for dermacentor reticulatus to complete its lifecycle?

A

1 year

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14
Q

What is rhipicephalus sanguineus also known as?

How long does it take for rhipicephalus sanguineus to complete its lifecycle?

A

3 months

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15
Q

Which geographical location is rhipicephalus sanguineus found?

A

Not in the UK yet, found in the Mediterranean

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16
Q

What does rhipicephalus sanguineus transmit?

A

babesia canis, hepatozoon canis, ehrlichia

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17
Q

What are the tick borne diseases of livestock?

A
  • louping ill
  • babesiosis
  • anaplasmosis
  • pyaemia
  • tick borne fever
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18
Q

What are the tick borne diseases of dogs?

A
  • lyme borreliosis
  • canine ehrlichiosis
  • babesiosis
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19
Q

What is lyme disease caused by?

A

the bacteria borrelia burgdorferi

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20
Q

What does louping ill infect?

A

sheep and grouse

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21
Q

What are the signs of louping ill?

A
  • incoordination
  • tremors
  • high stepping or leaping gait
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22
Q

What are the life stages of fleas?

A

egg, larva, pupa, adult

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23
Q

Where are flea eggs laid?

A

on the host

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24
Q

When do flea eggs hatch?

A

1-10 days after being laid

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25
Q

What do flea larvae do after hatching?

A

burrow down deep into surfaces for protection

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26
Q

What can stimulate pupae to molt into adults?

A
  • increasing temperature
  • mechanical pressure
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27
Q

What area of the animal do fleas prefer?

A

the back and the base of the tail

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28
Q

What are the consequences of flea infestation?

A
  • pruritis
  • hypersensitivity
  • anaemia
  • vector borne diseases
  • human contact
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29
Q

What can pruritis cause?

A
  • alopecia
  • excoriation
  • self wounding
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30
Q

What are ctenidia?

A

spines present on the rostral part of fleas

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31
Q

What flea species have ctenidia?

A
  • ceratophillus
  • ctenocephalides canis
  • ctenocephalides felis
  • spilopsyllus cuniculi
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32
Q

What is the appearance of ceratophillus?

A

ctenidia are located on the back of the head

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33
Q

What is the appearance of ctenocephalides canis?

A
  • D shaped head
  • shorter mouth ctenidia
34
Q

What is the appearance of ctenocephalides felis?

A
  • more pointed head than c.canis
  • both sets of ctenidia are the same length
35
Q

What is the appearance of spilopsyllus cuniculi?

A

round prominence on top of the head

36
Q

What species does ctenocephalides felis affect?

A

livestock, cats and dogs

37
Q

What species does ceratophillus mainly affect?

A

bids

38
Q

What are the clinical signs of myxomatosis?

A

lumps and puffiness around the head and genitals

39
Q

How can fleas be diagnosed?

A
  • using a comb to collect flea dirt
  • microscopy to detect faeces and sometimes eggs
40
Q

What pathogens can ctenocephalides felis carry?

A
  • bartonella
  • coxiella burmetii
  • haemoplasmas
  • rickettsia felis/typhi
  • yersinia pestis
41
Q

What are the types of lice?

A
  • anoplura
  • amblycera
  • ischnocera
42
Q

What are anoplura?

A

sucking lice, affect mammals

43
Q

What are amblycera and ischnocera?

A

chewing lice, affect birds and mammals

44
Q

What is the appearance of sucking lice?

A

pointed mouthparts

45
Q

What is the appearance of chewing lice?

A

broad head

46
Q

What are the effects of lice infestations?

A
  • pruritis
  • alopecia
  • exoriation
  • anaemia in high burdens
  • may be vectors
47
Q

What are the species of chewing lice?

A
  • bovicola
  • felicola subrostratus
  • trichodectes canis
  • menacanthus stramineus
48
Q

What species does the bovicola species of lice affect?

A

cattle, sheep and horses

49
Q

What animals are most susceptible to felicola subrostratus?

A

elderly and chronically ill cats

50
Q

What species of lice can carry dipylidium caninum?

A

trichodectes canis

51
Q

What are the species of sucking lice?

A
  • haematopinus
  • linognathus
52
Q

What are the types of haematopinus lice?

A
  • H.suis (pigs)
  • H.asini (equines)
  • H.eurysternus (cattle)
53
Q

What species can linognathus affect?

A

sheep, cattle and dogs

54
Q

What are myiases?

A

infestations of the organs or tissues of host animals by the larval stages of flies

55
Q

What do secondary myiases target?

A

diseased/dead tissues

56
Q

What is the lifecycle of oestrus ovis?

A
  • larvae squirted into nasal opening of sheep
  • larvae crawl into nasal passages, moult and grow
  • adults vacate the nose to complete lifecycle
57
Q

What are the signs of an oestrus ovis infestation?

A
  • sneezing
  • head tilt if severe
58
Q

What drug is oestrus ovis susceptible to?

A

macrolytic lactones e.g. ivermectin

59
Q

Where does gasterophilus lay eggs?

A

on the legs and around the mouths of horses

60
Q

What is the lifecycle of gasterophilus?

A
  • eggs laid on limbs or around mouth
  • larvae migrate into the mouth and into the stomach
  • then attach to the stomach mucosa
  • then passed out via the faeces
61
Q

What drugs is gasterophilus susceptible to?

A

macrolytic lactones

62
Q

What makes the warble fly (hypoderma) different from other species?

A

it has no mouthparts

63
Q

What is the process of warble fly (hypoderma) larval migration?

A
  • eggs laid on the skin
  • larvae penetrate through hair follicles and migrate
  • emerge into a warble and exit through pores
64
Q

Where can warble fly (hypoderma) larvae overwinter?

A
  • spinal cord
  • epidural space
  • smooth muscle
  • oesophagus
65
Q

What can lucilia sericata cause?

A

fly strike in sheep and rabbits

66
Q

Where do lucilia sericata lay their eggs?

A

damaged/soiled skin, usually around the perineum

67
Q

What weather conditions increase fly strike?

A
  • warmer, wetter winters
  • wetter summer/autumn
68
Q

What can increase the risk of fly strike in rabbits?

A
  • increased starch in diet causing diarrhoea
  • inadequate grooming behaviours
69
Q

What fly has no wings?

A

melophagus ovinus

70
Q

What do hippoboscidae usually cause?

A

painful bites

71
Q

What are tabinidae flies?

What can tabinidae flies cause?

A

  • painful bites
  • hypersensitivity
  • vectors for disease
72
Q

What is stomoxys calcitrans?

What is stomoxys calcitrans associated with?

A

bedding and faeces

73
Q

What does stomoxys calcitrans cause?

A

painful bites and grazing disturbances

74
Q

What is stomoxys calcitrans a vector for?

A

dermatophilosis

75
Q

What is haematobia irritans?

What is hydrotaea irritans?

A

sheep head fly, feeds on wounds of the head

76
Q

What does hydrotaea irritans cause?

What does hydrotaea irritans feed on?

A

tears, saliva, sweat, wounds and blood

77
Q

What does musca autumnalis feed on?

What does musca autumnalis cause?

A

  • keratoconjunctivitis
  • disturbed grazing
78
Q

What is musca autumnalis a vector for?

A

moraxella bovis, which causes pink eye/new forest disease

79
Q

What is the sandfly a vector for?

A

leishmaniosis

80
Q

What are culicoides?

What can hypersensitivity to culicoides cause?

A

sweat itch

81
Q

What are culicoides vectors for?

A

blue tongue and schmelenburg virus

AD2 (39 decks)

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