tanzania Flashcards
2 territories
tanganyika + zanzibar
united on 26 april 1964
tanganyika
German colony until 1918. After WWI - became British mandate territory. 1947 UN declared trust territory - British rule would end - little attraction for British settlers or investment.
Africans, recruited to lower levels of territory, civil service, small, but educated middle-class existed.
Independent on 9 December 1961.
zanzibar
British colony
10 December 1963, became independent – ruled as constitutional monarchy under sultan abdullah
Jan1964 - African majority revolted against Sultan gov
TANU
tanganyika african national union
established in 1954
president of TANU- Julius nyerere
won august 1960 elections - tanzania 1 party state under TANU
TANU membership was open to everyone who was willing to accept its ideals and policies. Highly inclusive, Any TANU member could be nominated for election to government
Elections were held in which citizens could vote for ministers and officials. This was important because Ministers could be voted out if they did not do what they promised.
TANU candidates were restricted in how they behaved. It is important that they understood that they were to serve the people and not enrich themselves at the expense of the people.
Most leaders were civil servants, teachers, farmers and traders and diverse religion and ethnic groups
nyerere
ruled as benevolent, moderate dictator
Leader of integrity, and well respected internationally and in Africa
Believed capitalism enslaved nations
Wanted an egalitarian society
Focused on the role of the peasant
Opposed elitism and self-enrichment
Did not want to get entangled in Cold War
modest, passionate abt his socialist ideals
arusha declaration
issued feb 1967
statement of principles
that called for national self-reliance, emphasised the need for development to begin at the lowest rural level and asserted the state’s right to to control all major means of production and exchange
included Leadership code + Ujamaa.
egalitarian society, education focused on practical skills, all people are workers, self sustaining economy by the people for the people, ujaama
leadership code
set of rules for government employees and party officials.
No involvement in capitalist activities, could not do specific positions to gain wealth, could not own company shares or houses for rent, could not receive more than one salary, not allowed any other privileges or additional benefits.
LED TO LESS CORRUPTION
ujamaa
self sustaining economy for the people by the people
familyhood in swahili
fundamental to structural reorganisation of economy
Large, collectivised villages (ujamaa) replaced scattered settlements- increase productivity and prosperity in rural areas
Land communally-owned; resources shared; leaders elected
villagisation of production, which collectivised all forms of production
industries + banks nationalised, self-reliance
Large collectivised villages were established, replaced individual farmers living in scattered settlements. Owned by groups of people who shared their produce. Food production was the primary aim.Land was communally owned, Resources were shared, Leaders were elected.
Would be easier for the government to provide roads, markets and agricultural services for rural development and Education, water and health could be centralised at larger villages.
solidarity villages
These farms used collective farming so that the economy was based around the labour of peasant farmers.
Wage labour was banned.
Austerity
- a set of political-economic policies that aim to reduce government budget deficits through spending cuts, tax increases, or a combination of both. Austerity measures are often used by governments that find it difficult to borrow or meet their existing obligations to pay back loans
when did fw de klerk come into power
1989
first as head of NP then president
mandela’s release
sunday 11 february 1990 on worldwide tv
pretoria minute
6 august 1990
-reaffirmed commitment
final report of Working Group on political offences accepted by both- process of releasing remaining political prisoners created
-ANC announced suspension of armed struggle - temporary peace will allow space for negotiations
-violence between ANC +IFP spread, ANC accused gov of not doing enough to stop it
-ANC wanted new construction to be drawn up by elected body, gov knew ANC would dominate
National peace accord
first multi party agreement signed by majority parties in september 1991 signed by most parties,unions + homeland leaders
commits parties to peaceful negotiations
created:
NPC (national peace committee) , NPS (national peace secretariat) , Commission of inquiry (Goldstone commission)
NPC
National Peace committee
body of NPA
to monitor and make recommendations on the implementation of the NPA and ensure compliance with the Code of Conduct for Political Parties and Organisations.
NPS
national peace secretariat
body of npa
platform for airing grievances w decisions
