cultural revolution Flashcards
civilised
stage of social and cultural develpoment considered to be more advanced
emperor
a sovereign ruler of an empire
dynasty
a line of hereditary rulers of a country
capitalism
economic and political system where countrys trade and industry controlled by private owners for profit, rather than by the state
communism
theory or system or social organisation in which all property is owned by the community and eavg person contributes and receives according to ability and needs
marxism
political and economic theories of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, later developed by their followers to form the basis of communism
Marxism-Leninism
formal name of official state ideology adopted by the union of soviet social republics (USSR)
revisionist
theory or practice of revising ones attitude to a previously accepted situtation or point of view, policy of modification,especially of marxism
purge
rid(someome/something) of unwanted quality,condition,feeling
remove (people considered undesirable) from organization/place in an abrupt/violent way
socio-political
combining social and political factors
traditional
existing in or part of a tradition, long established,habitually done,used or found
cult of personality
arises when countrys regime (or more rarely,individual) uses techniques of mass media, propaganda, the big lie, spectacle. arts, patriotism, governmant organized demonstratioms and rallies to create an idealized, heroic, and worshipful
image of a leader, often through unquestioning flattery and praise. A cult of
personality is similar to apotheosis (the elevation of someone to a divine
status), except that it is established by modern social engineering
techniques, usually by the state or the party in one-party
states and dominant-party states.
alchemist
a person who transforms or creates something through a
seemingly magical process
saltpeter
a white powder that exists naturally in some soils and that is
used especially as a fertilizer, in medicine, and to make gunpowder. It is
the mineral form of potassium nitrate.
maritime
connected with the sea, especially in relation to seaborne trade
or naval matters
wares
manufactured goods of a specific type, sold for profit
warlords
strong leader who is able to exercise military, economic, and
political control over a territory within an independent state because of
their ability to mobilise loyal armed forces
civil war
war between organised groups within the same state or
country. The aim of one side may be to take control of the country or a
region, to achieve independence for a region or to change government
policies
exile
he state of being barred from one’s native country, typically for
political or punitive reasons
industrialisation
the development of industries in a country or region on a
wide scale.
famine
a widespread scarcity of food, caused by several factors including
war, inflation, crop failure, population imbalance, or government policies
Sino
Chinese; relating to China
soviet
Russian word for council, which were political organizations
and governmental bodies of the late Russian Empire, primarily associated
with the Russian Revolution, which gave the name to the later states of
the Soviet Russia and the Soviet Union.
martial law
involves the temporary substitution of military authority for
civilian rule and is usually invoked in time of war, rebellion, or natural
disaster. When martial law is in effect, the military commander of an area
or country has unlimited authority to make and enforce laws
elitism
the belief or notion that individuals who form an elite - a select
group of people perceived as having an intrinsic quality, high intellect,
wealth, special skills, or experience - are more likely to be constructive to
society as a whole, and therefore deserve influence or authority greater
than that of others
mobilisation
action of a country or its government preparing and
organising troops for active service; the action of making something
movable or capable of movement
coalition
group formed when two or more people, factions, states,
political parties, militaries etc. agree to work together temporarily in a
partnership to achieve a common goal. The word coalition means a coming
together to achieve a goal
associates
partner or companion in business or at work.
intellectuals
of or relating to thought;
understanding intellectual development; interested in serious study and
thought an intellectual person
bourgeois
belonging to or characteristic of the middle class,
characteristically with reference to its perceived materialistic values or
conventional attitudes.
infiltrators
person who secretly becomes part of a group in order to get
information or to influence the way the group thinks or behaves
cadre
anyone directly employed by the Party-state (usually applying to a
communist government) in an official capacity
anarchy
state of disorder due to absence or non-recognition of authority
or other controlling systems; absence of government and absolute freedom
of the individual, regarded as a political ideal
terror
extreme fear
paralysis
when something goes wrong and results in loss of movement or
functionality.
central committee
In such party organisations the committee would
typically be made up of delegates elected at a party congress. In those
states where it constituted the state power, the central committee made
decisions for the party between congresses, and usually was (at least
nominally) responsible for electing the Politburo.
plenum
assembly of all the members of a group or committee.
assassination
murder (a usually prominent person) by sudden or secret
attack often for political reasons
egalitarianism
a trend of thought in political philosophy which favours
equality of some sort: People should get the same, or be treated the same,
or be treated as equals, in some respect.
xenophobia
dislike of or prejudice against people from other countries
the earliest dynasties in china
shang dynasty
qin dynasty
shang dynasty
1600-1050 BC
earliest recorded rulers of China
led by tribal chief Tan
intellectual advances in astronomy + mathematics
Qin Dynasty
221- 206 BC
first official empire
name China derived from “Qin”
Creation of first Asian superhighway
Beginning of Great Wall
Elaborate underground complex featuring 13,000 terracotta statues of warriors and horses
Standardised original written scripts into single national one
Established Imperial Academy to oversee translated texts
