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Structures (ASV) > Table Conference 2: Syllabi Questions, Answered > Flashcards

Table Conference 2: Syllabi Questions, Answered Flashcards

1
Q

what are plural cavities

A

potential space between visceral and parietal pleurae, filled with serous fluid; can fill with air/blood

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2
Q

where do pleural tap?

A

T7-9

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3
Q

what is “root” of lung?

A

hilum; where arteries, bronchi, veins are

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4
Q

nerve providing preganglionic parasympathetic fibers to lungs?

A

vagus

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5
Q

what in white ramus communicans?

A

preganglionic sympathetic GVE fibers- myelinated

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6
Q

root value of greater splanchnic nerve

A

T5-9

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7
Q

primary fiber type in greater splanchnic?

A

GVE

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8
Q

other fiber type in greater splanchninc?

A

GVE and GVA

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9
Q

arteries that supply lungs with oxygenated blood?

A

bronchial arteries, from thoracic aorta

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10
Q

function of azygos system of veins?

A

anastomosis between SVC and IVC; drains intercostal veins

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11
Q

azygos means?

A

unpaired

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12
Q

left recurrent laryngeal comes off of?

A

vagus

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13
Q

which main bronchus has more vertical path to lung?

A

right, things will go into right side if aspirated

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14
Q

“bronchopulmonary” segments?

A

segments of lungs corresponding to parts of bronchi

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15
Q

why are arteries “coronary”? arteries and veins “cardiac” veins?

A

coronary- because go around crown of heart

cardiac- because on heart itself

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16
Q

path of blood flow through heart in late term fetus?

A

svc/ivc > right atrium > foramen ovales > left atrium > left ventricle > aorta

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17
Q

ductus arteriosis

A

shunts blood from pulmonary artery to aorta in fetus

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18
Q

blood flow through heart in an adult

A

svc/ivc > right atrium > tricuspid valve > right ventricle > pulmonary valve > pulmonary arteries > lungs > pulmonary veins > left atrium > mitral valve > left ventricle > aortic valve > aorta

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19
Q

What structure is prominent in the anterior part of the superior mediastinum in an infant but only remains as a fatty mass in an adult?

A

thymus

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20
Q

right vs left main bronchi?

A

right is more vertical, shorter, bigger, and has 10 segments, left is more horizontal, taller, smaller, has 9 segments

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21
Q

What and where is the “carina”?

A

where trachea bifurcates into left and right bronchi; at sternal angle, T4-T5

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22
Q

“primary” type of nerve fiber that you will find in the vagus nerve in the middle of the thorax?

A

preganglionic GVE

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23
Q

what is anterior, trachea or esophagus?

A

trachea

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24
Q

type of muscle fiber comprises the distal portion of the esophagus?

A

smooth muscle

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25
Q

What nerve will innervate the esophagus?

A

vagus

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26
Q

What type of nerve fiber would innervate the esophagus?

A

GSE proximally, GVE distally

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27
Q

What forms the posterior aspect of tracheal rings?

A

trachealis muscles

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28
Q

What are the different “splanchnic” nerves?

A

greater, lesser, least, lumbar- pelvic splanchnics, of sympathetic division of ANS

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29
Q

root values of splancnics?

A

greater: T5-9
lesser: T10-11
least: T12
lumbar: L1-L2

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30
Q

what fiber types are in splancnic nerves?

A

GVE primarily, also GVA; not GSE or GSA because not skeletal muscle

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31
Q

what is right coronary artery dominance?

A

dominance is which coronary artery gives rise to posterior interventricular artery

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32
Q

what is an “end” artery?

A

no anastomosis

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33
Q

why are coronary arteries “functional” end arteries?

A

do have some anastomoses but not enough to do collateral circulation

34
Q

when do coronary arteries fill with blood?

A

diastole because valves are away from sinuses of aortic semilunar valves

35
Q

usual area of “referred pain” from the heart?

A

left arm, left jaw; T1-5, C2-3

36
Q

what comprises conduction system of the heart?

A

cell depolarization; SA node; AV node by inter antrial septum by bundle of His; perkinje fibers

37
Q

what and where is fossa ovalis? what was it embryologically?

A

between R and L atria; it is oval shape; was foramen ovale which shunted blood from R atrium to L atrium without going through pulmonary system

38
Q

which valves work via pressure differences, which via muscular actions?

A

pressure: aortic, pulmonary (semilunar)
muscular: tricuspid, mitral (atrio-ventricular)

39
Q

what makes A-V flaps move?

A

cordae tendinae with papillary muscles

40
Q

where is moderator band?

A

RV

41
Q

role of greater omentum?

A

provides fatty apron over abdominal viscera, organs; contains infections in viscera from spreading; promotes healing, supports/protects from ulcers

42
Q

structures of portal triad

A

bile duct, hepatic artery proper, portal vein

43
Q

intraperitoneal

A

develops within mesentery

44
Q

primarily retroperitoneal

A

developed behind mesentery, stayed there

45
Q

secondarily retroperitoneal

A

developed within mesentery but migrated out - adheres to posterior peritoneal wall

46
Q

extraperitoneal

A

developed outside of mesentery (bladder)

47
Q

primarily retroperitoneal mnemonic

A

kids and infants are tiny

kidney, aorta, ivc, adrenal glands, testes

48
Q

secondarily retroperitoneal mnemonic

A

AC/DC rockers can party down

ascending colon, descending colon, rectum, cecum, pancreas, duodenal root

49
Q

extraperitoneal mnemonic

A

BEE soup

bladder, seminal vesicles, ovary, uterus, prostate

50
Q

alimentary tract, proximal to distal

A

mouth, esophagus, cardiac sphincter, stomach, pyloric sphincter, duodenum (4 parts), jejunum, ileum, cecum, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum, anus

51
Q

subdivisions of the “small” intestine?

A

duodenum, jejunum, ileum

52
Q

parts of small intestine that are intra/retroperitoneal?

A

2nd-4th parts of duodenum are secondarily retroperitoneal; rest is intraperitoneal

53
Q

subdivisions of the “large” intestine?

A

cecum, ascending colon, descending colon, transverse colon, sigmoid colon, rectum

54
Q

large intestine re: peritoneum?

A

intraperitoneal: transverse, sigmoid

secondarily retro: cecum, ascending, descending

55
Q

what is a mesentery?

A

double layer of parietal peritoneum

56
Q

what is THE mesentery

A

connects the small intestine

57
Q

paracolic “gutters”?

A

areas by ascending and descending colons, can collect fluid there

58
Q

early appendicitis pain?

A

belly button because T10 sympathetics refer pain there

59
Q

early pain?

A

touching visceral, not parietal peritoneum

60
Q

“bare area” of the liver?

A

no peritoneum; top right part on diaphragmatic/posterior surface

61
Q

what are coronary ligaments?

A

on crown of liver, diaphragmatic surface

62
Q

route of bile passage

A

bile made in liver > hepatic duct > common bile duct when joins cystic duct > duodenum or back through cystic duct to gall bladder for storage

63
Q

nerve carrying preganglionic parasympathetic fibers to the gallbladder?

A

vagus

64
Q

Why is it often said that the liver can be divided into segments similar to those of the lung? What is meant by this?

A

porta hepatis is like hilum; right, left, caudate and quadrate lobes are like the inferior, middle, superior lobes

65
Q

ligaments of liver

A

falciform, ligamentum venosum

66
Q

autonomic innervation of abomdinal viscera

A

parasymp: vagus til left colic flexure, then S2-S4 pelvic splancnics
symp: greater, lesser, least, lumbar

67
Q

greater to

A

foregut

68
Q

lesser

A

to midgut

69
Q

least

A

to hindgut

70
Q

biliary colic felt where?

A

T5-9 - foregut - greater splancnic

71
Q

3 unpaired vessels off abdominal aorta

A

celiac, SMA, IMA

72
Q

branches off abdominal aorta besides the 3 unpaired vessels

A

renals, medial suprarenals, inferior phrenics, testicular/ovarian, lumbars (1-4)

73
Q

What vertebral levels do the major abdominal aortic branches correspond to?

A

celiac: T12
SMA: L1
IMA: L3

74
Q

vasa recta

A

are arteriae rectae

jejunum has more than ileum

75
Q

why important that IVC is dorsal to portal vein?

A

if have portal hypertension, and hemorrhaging blood in esophagus, can hook up portal vein to IVC and alleviate esophageal problem but then get toxins in blood because liver isn’t filtering anything

short circuit portal system, take it out of hepatic system

76
Q

main tributaries of portal vein?

A

superior mesenteric vein > splenic vein

inferior mesenteric vein > splenic vein, although sometimes > superior mesenteric vein

77
Q

portal vs hepatic vein?

A

portal: takes blood from GI tract > liver for filtration
hepatic: takes blood from liver that is detoxified > IVC > heart

78
Q

nutcracker syndrome

A

left superior mesenteric artery hooks around left renal vein

79
Q

left vs right renal vein

A

left is larger than right

80
Q

What nerve carries pre-ganglionic parasympathetics to the stomach, liver, gall bladder?

A

vagus

81
Q

What nerve (s) carry pre-ganglionic parasympathetics to the descending colon or rectum?

A

pelvic splancnic

Structures (ASV) (30 decks)

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