Lecture 20: Intro to Radiographic Imaging Flashcards
xray
plain radiograph
xrays pass through tissue; more or less pass based on density
more dense structures= more white; less dense= less white
radiation!
fluoroscopy
moving/continuous xray, often w/ contrast agent
radiation!
i.e. intestine imaging
CT
similar to radiograph, but xrays pass through body in 360 directions from rotating source; used to generate slices through tissue
radiation!
CT angiogram/angiogram
visualize coronary arteries
why not to do xray on pregnant woman
early in preg: can cause teratogens as organogenesis occurs
late in preg: can radiate bone marrow which can cause leukemia/cancers in childhood
MRI
uses body’s intrinsic magnetic properties to create image
spinning water hydrogen proteon is mini magent in larger magnet, the MRI scanner
cannot use on pt with metal in body
no radiation!
ultrasound
uses high frequency sound waves; different tissue reflect back more/less sound waves which are “detected” by transducter and images are generated
portable, in “real time”
no radiation!
fundamental principle of xray and CT
density - whitist to blackist, bone/metal - soft tissue - fat - air
orthogonal projections’ abilities
help to localize objects, identify pathology
neumoperitoneum
appears as asymmetry in thorax- air in peritoneum
2 parts of anatomy of thoracic cavity
pleural cavities, mediastinum
contents of pleural cavities
pleura- made up of lfat layer of mesothelial cells and uspporitng tissues
lungs- respiratory organs
2 layers of pleura
parietal layer- lines inner surface of chest cavity; visceral layer- covers surface of lungs
pleural reflections-recesses
areas of pleural spcae where there’s no visceral pleura/lung between the 2 parietal layers
place where fluid first accumulates
costodiaphragmatic recess (CP angle)
largest pleural space, where no visceral pleura/lung between 2 parietal layers, so 2 parietal layers meet; fluid can accumulate here
cannot see costophrenic angle if fluid accumulates
