Lecture 28: Embryology/Anatomy, Microstructures of the Kidney

Question 1

kidneys function

Answer 1

filter blood, produce urine

Question 2

how much fluid is filtered daily

Answer 2

180 liters

Question 3

how much urine produced daily

Answer 3

1-2 liters

Question 4

how kidneys do job

Answer 4

remove metabolic waste products, foreign substances, drugs; regulate volume and composition of water and electrolytes in extracellular fluid; control acid-base balance; renin synthesis; erythropoietin synthesis; vitamin D conversion; gluconeogenesis

Question 5

kidney’s endocrine functions?

Answer 5

renin synthesis- regulate arterial blood pressure, erthrypoietin synthesis- stimulate erythrocyte production in bone marrow

Question 6

important internal structures of kidney

Answer 6

cortext, medulla, papilla, calyces

Question 7

nephron/its parts

Answer 7

functional unit of the kidney; renal corpuscle, proximal convoluted tubule, loop of Henle, distal convoluted tubule

Question 8

how many nephrons in a kidney

Answer 8

1 million

Question 9

renal corpuscle components

Answer 9

bowman’s capcule + glomerulus

Question 10

bowman’s capsule components

Answer 10

parietal layer, visceral layer, bowman’s space

Question 11

podocytes components

Answer 11

visceral layer of bowman’s capsule

Question 12

glomerulus components

Answer 12

tuft of capillaries supported by mesangium

Question 13

loop of henle components

Answer 13

thick descending limb + thin limbs + thick ascending limb

Question 14

renal circulation path

Answer 14

renal artery > afferent arteriole > capillaries > efferent arteriole > capillaries surrounding tubules OR vasa cecta around loop of Henle in medulla > renal vein

Question 15

filtration slit

Answer 15

important structure of podocytes

Question 16

functions of podocyte cytoplasm

Answer 16

contractile, phagocytic; produce glomerular basement membrane

Question 17

the 3 components of the filtration barrier

Answer 17

???

Question 18

mesangium

Answer 18

interstitial tissue between glomerular capillaries

Question 19

mesangial cell functions

Answer 19

matrix production- support glomerular cap, contractile- impact filtration, vasoactive, phagocytic- immune, proliferative- in glomerular disease

Question 20

differences between proximal and distal tubules

Answer 20

???