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Structures (ASV) > Lecture 17: Body Cavities/Diaphragm > Flashcards

Lecture 17: Body Cavities/Diaphragm Flashcards

1
Q

when intraembryonic coelom begins to develop

A

early 4th week

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2
Q

what intraembryonic coelom becomes

A

embryonic body cavities

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3
Q

where in embryonic tissue intraembryonic coelom develops

A

lateral mesoderm- spaces within this coalesce to form coelom

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4
Q

what happens in intra-extraembryonic coelom communication space

A

organs will develop there

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5
Q

location of extraembryonic coelom

A

chorionic cavity

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6
Q

where intraembryonic and extraembryonic coeloms communicate

A

lateral mesoderm

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7
Q

2 major body folds, week 3

A

cranio-caudal

lateral

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8
Q

why cranio-caudal fold occurs

A

because of large size of brain developing relative to rest of embryo

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9
Q

why lateral fold occurs

A
  1. rapid growth of amniotic cavity

2. somites around notochord growing at rapid rate

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10
Q

what disconnects during lateral folding of embryo

A

intraembryonic and extraembryonic endoderms disconnect

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11
Q

allantois

A

extends from embryonic coelomic cavity into body stalk

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12
Q

when does orophorengeal membrane develop

A

intraembryonic coelom folding

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13
Q

layer of embryonic tissue lining amniotic cavity

A

surface ectoderm, a thin layer of mesodermal tissue

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14
Q

how embryonic body cavity forms

A

lateral/cranial-caudal folding

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15
Q

partitioned cavities of embryonic body cavity will be

A

pericardial cavity

2 pleuro-pericardial canals

peritoneal cavity

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16
Q

2 layers of lining of embryonic body cavity

A

somatic mesoderm (parietal layer) and splanchnic mesoderm (visceral layer)

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17
Q

mesentery

A

double layer of peritoneium that connects an organ to the body wall

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18
Q

what is within mesentery

A

blood vessels, nerves

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19
Q

dorsal mesentery

A

mesentery closer to embryo’s back

suspends acudal foregut, mindgut, an hindgut in peritoneal cavity

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20
Q

ventral mesentery

A

mesentery that largely disappears in embryo

disappears except in proximal foregut (stomach and proximal duodenum)

21
Q

layer of embryonic tissue that forms gut/intestines

A

embryonic endoderm

22
Q

3 major arteries to primitive gut and their location

A

celiac - foregut
superior mesenteric - midgut
inferior mesenteric - hindgut

all in dorsal mesentery

23
Q

physiologic herniation of midgut - how/why occurs

A

midgut must form outside of embryo (extraembryonic coelom) and then travel back in (intraembryonic coelom), at 10th week of embryonic development

24
Q

tissue that separates pleuropericardial cavities

A

mesoderm

25
Q

what drags with mesodermal tissue to create delineation between pleuropericardial cavities

A

veins

26
Q

cardinal veins

A

early blood vessels in pleuropericardial membranes

27
Q

what pleuropericardial membranes contain

A

common cardinal veins, phrenic nerves

28
Q

what separates pericardial and pleural cavities

A

mesenchyme ventral to esophagus, in midline

29
Q

diaphragm function in embryo

A

divide chest from abdomen

30
Q

2 halves of diaphragm

A

left crus, right crus

31
Q

why diaphragm needs holes

A

so aorta blood supply can go from chest to abdomen

so esophageal space exists for food to get from top to bottom

32
Q

important embryonic components of diaphragm

A
  1. septum transversum
  2. pleuperitoneal membranes
  3. dorsal mesentery of esophagus
  4. muscular in-growth from lateral body walls
33
Q

septum transversum

A

mesodermal structure, primordium to central tendon of the diaphragm, that begins cranial to heart but migrates below heart during cranial-caudal folding, and separates heart from liver

34
Q

pleuroperitoneal membrane

A

membrane separating embryonic pleural and peritoneal cavitiesz

grows in from lateral body walls

fuses with dorsal mesentery of esophagus and septum transversum

35
Q

myoblasts

A

muscle forming cells in pleuroperitoneal membrane that will become diaphragm’s muscles - make it able to contract

close the pleuroperitoneal openings

36
Q

effect of pleuroperitoneal membranes- fetus vs adult

A

large effect-fetus; small effect-adult

37
Q

dorsal mesentery of esophagus

A

muscle fibers that surround vena cava and aorta

forms median part of diaphragm

38
Q

what crura of diaphragm form from

A

myoblasts that migrate from dorsal mesentery

39
Q

septum transversum, in adult

A

central tendon

40
Q

as pleural cavities grow, divide body wall into 2 parts

A

external layer- definitive body wall

internal layer- peripheral diaphragm

41
Q

division of pleural cavities creates

A

costodiaphragmatic recesses aka costo phrenic angles

42
Q

how many phrenic nerves

A

2- motor and sensory- 1 on each side of the embryo

43
Q

what septum transversum pulls down with it

A

from cranial end where it develops, pulls spinal nerves

44
Q

phrenic nerve root value

A

C3, 4, 5

45
Q

congential diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) - description

A

when L side of diaphragm doesn’t close, can have herniation of abdominal contents into chest cavity - dangerous because if abdominal contents are in chest cavity, lungs don’t have space to form, and child gets pulmonary hypoplasia- cannot breathe

46
Q

CDH incidence

A

1/2200

47
Q

diaphragm close order re: right/left

A

right then left

48
Q

clinical sequelae of CDH

A

pulmonary hypoplasia, polyhydramnios

49
Q

CDH treatment options

A

pre-natal: in utero surgery; tracheal occlusion

post-natal: deliver in 3o care center; ECMO; immediate surgical repair

Structures (ASV) (30 decks)

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