Misc- Table conference 2 Flashcards
left lung impressions
aortic arch, thoracic aorta, cardiac
right lung impressions
SVC, right brachiocephalic vein, arch of azygos vein, esophagus, cardiac
lung visceral innervation
vagus
sympathetic
lung parietal innervation
phrenic
intercostals
pulmonary ligament
extends inferior to root of lung, holds lung in place
where is the lingula and what is it
inferior to cardiac notch of left lung
what kind of blood do bronchial arteries carry
oxygenated
where do bronchial arteries originate
descending aorta
what type of blood do pulmonary arteries carry
deoxygenated
where do the pulmonary arteries originate
pulmonary trunk, which is from the right ventricle
where does the pulmonary vein carry blood to
left atrium
what are plural cavities?
space in thorax for lungs
difference between visceral and parietal plurae?
visceral- covers lungs
parietal- covers thorax
what is between visceral and parietal plurae, what’s its function?
serous fluid; creates frictionless surface for lungs to move
what space would you insert a needle for a plural tap? what is this space called?
intercostal space T7-9; costodiaphragmatic recess
what is the “root” of the lung? what is there?
hilum
bronchus, arteries, veins enter the lung here
what nerve provides preganglionic parasympathetic fibers to the lungs?
vagus nerve
what is in the white ramus comunicans?
preganglionic symapthetic nerves (myelinated)
parasympathetic cranial nerves
III,
VII,
IX,
X
what organs are innervated by pelvic sphlancnics
descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum
what is the function of the azygos system of veins?
drains the thoracic vessels (intercostal veins) into the SVC and IVC; shunt from IVC to SVC or reverse
what does azygos mean
unpaired
what does vagus mean
wandering
what does duodenum mean
twelve finger-breadths
why is left recurrent laryngeal nerve in a strange path, what is it a branch of?
branch of vagus, wraps down and then up around the aorta because it was pulled down during development
which main bronchus has a more direct route to the lung?
right; it’s more vertical
what veins drain into the azygos?
intercostal veins
sternal angle- what is it the level of?
rib 2 loop of left recurrent laryngeal nerve start/end of aortic arch bifurcation of the trachea intervertebral disc T4-5
what are bronchopulmonary segments?
bronchi and their successive divisions
what does right recurrent laryngeal nerve loop around
loops around right subclavian artery
number of segmental bronchi - left
9
number of segmental bronchi - right
10
ligamentum arteriosum
connects left pulmonary artery - arch of aorta
what/where is the carina?
bifurcation of the trachea into main stem bronchi
fossa ovale
right-left atria septum; was formane ovale in embryo, shunted oxygenated blood from right to left atrium
what forms the posterior aspect of tracheal rings?
trachealis muscle-smooth muscle tissue
what are tracheal rings made of?
hylaine cartilage
where is the thoracic duct?
“duck between 2 goose”
between esophagus and azogus
why are arteries called “coronary” and veins “cardiac”?
coronary arteries originate at aorta, run around crown of heart - sulcus
cardiac veins originate lower at right atrium, cardiac=heart
small cardiac vein pairs with
marginal artery
middle cardiac vein pairs with
posterior interventricular artery
great cardiac vein pairs with
left anterior descending artery
where do cardiac veins drain into
coronary sinus > right atrium
layers of heart wall
endocaridum
myocardium
epicardium
sulci of the heart
anterior/posterior interventricular, coronary
innervation of pericardium
phrenic nerve
fibers of pericardium?
GSE
blood supply to pericardium?
pericardiacophrenic artery
why are coronary arteries called functional end arteries?
don’t anastomose enough to perfuse heart if blocked
most common sites of blockage in heart?
LAD
circumflex
right coronary artery
heart referred pain- where is it felt?
dermatomes T1-T5, C2-C3
which heart valves work via pressure differences?
aortic, pulmonary, open during systole
which heart valves work via muscular action?
tricuspid, mitral
what type of nerve fibers innervate the heart?
GVA
tricuspid valves named
- anterior
- posterior
- septal
what holds valves down from flapping up?
cordae tendonae
what muscles hold the cordae tendonae?
papillary muscles
where is the moderate band (septomarginal trabecula), what does it do?
right ventricle ONLY!
connects anterior papillary m. to interventricular septum
muscles of the right atrial wall
pectinate m. (horizontal), crista terminale (vertical)
muscles of right ventricular wall
trabeculae carneae
what is the most anterior portion of the heart
right ventricle
pulmonary valve cusps
- right
- anterior
- left
where does blood go from right atrium
through tricuspid valve, to right ventricle
where does blood go from right ventricle
through pulmonary valve, to right and left pulmonary arteries
how is pulmonary trunk related to the aorta?
anterior
what is the ligament between the aorta and the pulmonary trunk?
ligamentum arteriosum
after blood goes through lungs, what does it return to heart through?
pulmonary veins, to left atrium
where is the conus ateriosus?
right ventricle
blood from pulmonary veins de/oxygenated?
oxygenated
only veins that carry oxygenated blood in body?
pulmonary veins
only arteries that carry deoxygenated blood in body?
pulmonary arteries
where does blood go from left atrium?
through mitral valve, to left ventricle
cusps of mitral valve?
- anterior
2. posterior
most muscular part of heart?
left ventricle
blood from left ventricle goes where?
through aortic valve, through aorta
cusps of aortic valve?
- right
- posterior
- left
where are the aortic sinus?
behind the valve cusps of the aortic valve
what comes out of aortic sinus?
blood to coronary arteries
which valves are open during sistole?
aortic, pulmonary
which valves are open during diastole?
tricuspid, mitral
first branch off abdominal aorta
inferior phrenic
before celiac trunk!
purpose of greater omentum?
support, protect abdominal structures in event of ulcer; facilitates healing; protects from infection
what is in the portal triad?
bile duct, portal vein, proper hepatic artery
what does portal triad run in?
hepatoduodenal ligament
intraperitoneal organs
liver, gallbladder, spleen, stomach, 1st part of duodenum, jejunum, ileum, transverse colon, sigmoid colon, appendix
which of the GI tract organs aren’t intraperitoneal
ascending colon, descending, colon, 2nd part of duodenum
primary retroperitoneal organs
kidneys, adrenal glands, aorta, IVC, testes
extraperitoneal structures
bladder, prostate, seminal vesicles, uterus, ovaries
secondarily retroperitoneal structures
2-4th part of duodenum, cecum, ascending and descending colon, rectum, pancreas
border of foregut
2nd part of duodenum
what are the paracolic gutters
either side of ascending/descending colon, drain fluids
pelvic sphlancnic root values
S2-S4
sympathetic innervation of abdomen
greater, lesser, lumbar (thoracic) sphlancnics
parasympathetic innervation of abdomen
vagus until left colic flexure; then, pelvic sphlancnics (S2-S4)
greater splanchninc nerves root value?
greater: T5-9
lesser: T10-11
least: T12
lumbar: L1-2
primary fiber type of greater splanchnic nerve?
GVE primarily, but also GVA
alimentary tract, from proximal to distal
mouth, esophagus, cardiac sphincter, stomach, pyloric sphincter, duodenum (4 parts), jejunum, ileum, cecum, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum, anus
what are the subdivisions of small intestine?
duodenum (intraperitoneal, 2-4th parts secondarily retroperitoneal), jejunum (intraperitoneal), ileum (intraperitoneal)
subdivisions of large intestine?
cecum (secondarily retroperitoneal), ascending (secondarily retroperitoneal), transverse (intraperitoneal), descending colon (secondarily retroperitoneal), sigmoid colon (intraperitoneal)
what is “a” mesentery?
double layer of peritoneum
what is “THE” mesentery?
mesentery supporting small intestine
blood supply runs through from SMA and IMA to the small intestine
early pain from appendicitis?
referred to T10, belly button
3 unpaired vessels of abdominal aorta?
celiac, SMA, IMA, median sacral
vertebral level of celiac trunk?
T12
vertebral level of SMA?
LI
vertebral level of IMA?
LIII
what do ventral branches of aorta tend to do?
supply gut, unpaired organs like liver
what do lateral branches of aorta tend to do?
supply specific paired organs, like kidneys
direct branches of abdominal aorta?
renals, medial suprarenals, inferior phrenics, testicular/ovarian, lumbars (1-4)
arteries that supply diaphragm?
superior and inferior phrenics, musculophrenic, pericardiacophrenic
inferior phrenics arise from?
abdominal aorta
superior phrenics arise from?
thoracic aorta
musculophrenic and pericardiacophrenic arise from?
internal thoracic artery
suprarenal glands supplied by?
superior, medial, inferior suprarenal arteries
hepatic v. portal vein?
portal: carries blood from all digestive organs into liver for filtering
hepatic: carry blood away from liver into IVC for systemic circulation
what is “marginal” artery? where? clinical significance?
inside the Mesentery; connects vessels carrying blood to vasa recta; suppled by both SMA and IMA, so major collateral route
left renal vein function?
drains much of left part of abdomen, direct extension of IVC
why called “bare area” of liver?
no peritoneum, liver directly contacts diaphragm
what are coronary ligaments?
on “crown” of liver, connect to diaphragm
bile passage route?
bile made in liver > hepatic duct > common bile duct when joins cystic duct > duodenum or back through cystic duct to gall bladder for storage
IVC location re: portal vein?
dorsal
main tributaries of portal vein?
SMV, splenic vein
wehre woudl you feel biliary colic?
T7-9
hepato-portal system function
drains blood from digestive organs into liver for filtration before entering systemic circulation
